Interesting Facts About Laura Ingalls Wilder

Are you looking for interesting facts about Laura Ingalls Wilder, author of the Little House books? Generations of children have delighted in her stories. In her Little House books, Laura Ingalls Wilder Wilder shared stories based on her own life and provided a fascinating look at the daily life of a pioneer girl and her family in the latter part of the nineteenth century. Here are some interesting facts about the beloved author. A Real Pioneer Girl Laura really was a pioneer girl, living in Wisconsin Kansas, Minnesota, Iowa and Dakota Territory while she was growing up. Her Little House books are closely based on her life, but they are not an exact account; they are historical fiction rather than nonfiction. The Ingalls Family Laura Ingalls was born on February 7, 1867 near Pepin, Wisconsin, the child of Charles and Caroline Ingalls. Laura’s sister, Mary, was two years older than Laura and her sister, Carrie, was more than three years younger. When Laura was 8, her brother, Charles Frederic, was born. He died less than a year later. When Laura was 10, her sister, Grace Pearl, was born. Laura Grows Up After she passed the test and received her teaching certificate at the age of 15, Laura spent several years teaching school. On August 25, 1885, when Laura was 18, she married Almanzo Wilder. She wrote about his childhood in upstate New York in her Little House book Farmer Boy. The Difficult Years The first years of Almanzo and Laura’s marriage were very difficult and included illness, the death of their baby son, poor crops and a fire. Laura Ingalls Wilder wrote about those years in the last of her Little House books, The First Four Years, which was not published until 1971. Rose Wilder One joyous event in the early years was the birth of Laura and Almanzo’s daughter, Rose, in 1886. Rose grew up to be a writer. She is credited with helping to convince her mother to write the Little House books and helping with editing, although exactly how much is still somewhat in question. Rocky Ridge Farm After several moves, in 1894, Laura, Almanzo and Rose moved to Rocky Ridge Farm near Mansfield, Missouri, and there Laura and Almanzo remained until their deaths. It was at Rocky Ridge Farm that Laura Ingalls Wilder wrote the Little House books. The first was published in 1932 when Laura was 65 years old. Laura Ingalls Wilder, Writer Laura did have some writing experience before she wrote the Little House books. In addition to working on their farm, Laura held several part-time writing jobs, including serving for more than a decade as as a columnist for Missouri Ruralist, a bimonthly farm paper. She also had articles in other publications, including Missouri State Farmer and St. Louis Star. The Little House Books In all, Laura Ingalls Wilder wrote nine books that came to be known as â€Å"Little House† books. Little House in the Big WoodsFarmer BoyLittle House on the PrairieOn the Banks of Plum CreekBy the Shores of Silver Lake The Long WinterLittle Town on the PrairieThese Happy Golden YearsThe First Four Years The Laura Ingalls Wilder Award After four of the Little House Books won Newbery Honors, the American Library Association established the Laura Ingalls Wilder Award to honor authors and illustrators whose childrens books, published in the United State, have had a major impact on children’s literature. The first Wilder Award was awarded in 1954 and Laura Ingalls Wilder was the recipient. Other recipients have included: Tomie dePaola (2011), Maurice Sendak (1983), Theodor S. Geisel/Dr. Seuss (1980) and Beverly Cleary (1975). The Little House Books Live On Almanzo Wilder died on October 23, 1949. Laura Ingalls Wilder died on February 10, 1957, three days after her 90th birthday. Her Little House books had already become classics and Laura delighted in the responses of young readers to her books. Children all over the world, particularly 8 to 12 year olds, continue to enjoy and learn from Lauras stories of her life as a pioneer girl. Sources Bio.com: Laura Ingalls Wilder Biography, Laura Ingalls Wilder Award Home Page, HarperCollins: Laura Ingalls Wilder Biography Miller, John E., Becoming Laura Ingalls Wilder: The Woman Behind the Legend, University of Missouri Press, 1998

What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Area...

What are the advantages and disadvantages of area approaches to tackling poverty and deprivation? By Lauren Wright, word limit 25000 words Poverty and deprivation remains a vast problem in the United Kingdom, charity Oxfam (2013) reveals that 1 in 5 households are living under the poverty line making daily life a struggle. The UK government has implemented area-based approaches in order to tackle poverty and deprivation since the 1960s, these initiatives target geographical areas that experience high levels of poverty and deprivation. These methods have always provoked diverse reactions with differences in opinions of the pros and cons they display to communities, individuals and society as a whole and whether it is an effective†¦show more content†¦One of the first initiatives introduced was the Education Action Zone strategy, this initiative is a revised modern version of the Plowden Report and its objectives, and the policy aims to tackle problems in deprived areas such as under-achievement and low educational standards (Smith 2003). The pilot program uses the latest release of ‘The Index of Multiple D eprivation’ in order to select 25 Education Action Zones. These areas have the highest levels of disadvantaged and underperforming schools and the strategy intended to improve standards and decrease truancy rates. Among the different proposals of change include the proposal of a new curriculum, changing the way teachers are trained and the use of 24 hour classrooms. Education action zones are run by a host of representatives, including schools, businesses, parents and the local education authority with a secretary appointee. Each zone receives  £750,000 from the government annually and  £250,000 from a private business that funds and/or sponsors the schools within that zone (Whitfield 2000). This particular approach creates a solid partnership between communities within the zones, resulting in the schools links with parents being strengthened by applying them a role in civic education (Hatcher Leblond 2001). Such local programs may increase theShow MoreRelatedCommunity Crime Prevention Strategies3608 Words   |  15 Pagesresidents to be able to live their lives freely, yet still feel comfortable and protected in their area by local authorities. All citizens should be able to live without interruption or fear that may come from crime and disorder. In some ways community safety can be hard to define, as various communities have different ways of carrying out the service. In some communities citizens have a say in what issues they feel need to be addressed and prioritized for action in their community; and in othersRead MoreHealth Promotion Is A Process Of Empowerment3669 Words   |  15 Pagesinequalities through the promotion of health and healthy living. It incorpora tes a broad range of interventions, measures, approaches and activities to enhance the health of populations, individuals and the communities in which they live. Earle (2007) 2 intimated that anyone concerned with trying to facilitate change or influence and improve health needs to recognise what people mean when they talk about health. He proposes that understanding why people behave in a certain way when it comes toRead MoreEthics of Information Communication Technology (Ict)27618 Words   |  111 Pagesglobal problem that threatens all countries and economies. As a crime that is committed across national borders, it requires cooperative, pro-active approaches in support of the less developed countries of the region. The objective of this paper is to compile: i. Information concerning ethical issues in the Asia-Pacific regarding: i. Digital Divide ii. Poverty iii. Piracy iv. Cybercrime v. Human Rights vi. Gender Equality Information on the initiatives and programmes undertaken at the local, national,

Study on the Management Factors of the Sustainable Development

Question: Describe the impact of the oil and gas exploration/production/distribution on the environment. Answer: Introduction In the course of recent decades, with the quick development of industrialization every current area has been benefitted with real advantages in securing real assets from various sources. The mechanical segment has productively seen diverse viewpoints that have prompted the huge addition on the part of major nations. One of the primary segments that have increased much predominance in the industrialization development is the generation of vitality, oil and gas. It was primarily the inlet nations like UAE, Saudi Arabia and so on that drove energy around here (Adebo and O. O, 2015). Be that as it may, with important income strategies and structure enormous opening for different nations to exchange on oil and gas generally for the financial advancement has developed. Most countries rely on oil. States will put forth an admirable attempt to gain oil generation ability or to be guaranteed access to the free stream of oil. States have even ended up included in clashes over territories which might just potentially contain oil assets. This pattern is prone to proceed later on unless some prudent asset is found or the oil wells become dry. A significant issue that is solely connected with the oil distribution and production is the huge impacts that are bringing mishap to the earth (Akono, 2013). Moreover, mishaps and strife can disturb creation or the genuine oil asset, which can likewise bring about ecological pulverization. One particular answer for this issue is to save the earth and its asset by the fuel economies around the globe. Background to the Issue Although a significant part of our world prolifically depends on the circulation and generation of oil for boosting the economies, but these ways can also bring major harm to the ecosystem and environment of the earth in both ways inadvertently or intentionally. The creation and transportation of oil can actually upset the human population along with the aquatic creatures. Dumping of oil wastes, circulation contamination, oil spills etc can create devastation on the natural space and life of the earth (Auld, 2015). It undermines the eradication of various plants and animals and harm various areas, air, species of plants and animals. Marine lives are the most impacted species by the oil circulation and generation. It is caused by substance parts of the oil or the physical way of the oil. The marine life has been influenced in the oil operations through the physical way causing major physical harm to the marine animals and plants species (Cairns and Meganck, 1994). The plants and the animals are those marine creatures those are at danger that can significantly come into contact with the surface of the defiled ocean. The reptiles and marine creatures along with the winged creatures those are basically nourished by the frame rushes or jumping to the ocean are the marine life of the ocean and sea shorelines that boosts the plants as well as the creatures of the mariculture facilities. The overflow of oil and petroleum has led the petrochemical plants to dump huge amounts of lethal squanders deep into the adjacent ocean or sea. The oil and gas pipelines have significantly impacted the numerous springs, coastlines, waterways, huge fields and land of cropping. While along the coastlines narrow tidal waterways are hugely impacted by the oil spills and leakage of harmful chemicals. It has also been seen that oil circulation and generation has led to direct harm and aftereffect straightforwardly to the area and the human life. The harm can actually incorporate the significant contamination of the water species along with the defilement of various amounts of dirt. People are also affected by the ecological decimation since it is directly harming the vegetation and the domesticated animals (Curran, 2015). The ecological decimation has also affected the soundness of the human body. Oil spills can be dealt with action taken by various forces and aquatic plants that signific antly needs endless supply of quality seawater for the safe operation of the commercial ports and enterprises located on the coastlines of the sea. Natural harm may likewise create an aftereffect of contention over oil-creating locales. Ecological mischief connected with oil assets can either be ascribed to a reaction of disagreement or, now and again, it is relating to the military animosity that is proposed to harm the corporate property of the locale. Overview of Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Process There are basically two parts or sections in the oil and gas industry: 'challenging' the investigation along with generation s one of the most important part of the industry; and 'downstream' that manages decontamination and handling of unrefined petroleum and gas items. Organizations working in the business might be viewed as completely incorporated, or might focus on a scrupulous part, for example, investigation and generation (Gmen, 2014). Numerous expansive organizations work all around and, are portrayed as 'multi-nationals' while other littler groups focus on particular ranges of the world and are regularly alluded to as 'independents'. Oil and gas experimental investigation mainly started in the year 1912 in Cushing Field of Oklahoma, USA where the geologists initially included the disclosure. The major process continues as before. However, advanced innovation and designing have boundlessly enhanced execution and security. With a specific end goal to value the roots of the potential effects of oil advancement upon nature, it is critical to comprehend the exercises included. For recognizing of land the seismic method is prolifically used and it solely depends on the various intelligent aspects of different rock strata and sound waves underneath the physical maritime surfaces (Holling, 1986). The diversified land strata mainly exists as a basic part of vital energy that is transmitted to the reflective layers inside of the earth, the rest are reflected back to the surface of the earth. Dynamites or explosives were initially used as a major vitality source, yet natural contemplations now for the most part support the lower vitality sources, for example vibroseis ashore i.e. made out of using pressurized water and the compressed air firearm in a seaward investigation. Potential Environmental Impacts The research and creation operations of oil and gas significantly hold the potential of an assortment and effects on our environment. The "sways" rely on the phase of procedure, the amount and intricacy of the undertaking, the environment and affectability of the encompassing atmosphere and the viability of arranging, contamination counteractive action, and alleviation and control strategies. In evaluating potential effects, it is essential to judge the geographic extent, (worldwide, territorial, nearby) over the major factors that might cause (Kalalo, 2015). Correspondingly, it is critical to consider observation Furthermore, the size of potential effects, which will much of the time rely on upon subjective understanding of worthiness or centrality. Counsel, arrangement and comprehension are keys to the issue, and will help with moving from positions of the showdown, reliance or separation among partners to areas of commonly concurred and comprehended association between accomplices . Human, Cultural and Socioeconomic Impacts land-use examples, for example, farming, angling, logging, chasing, as an immediate outcome (for instance land-take Furthermore, rejection) or as a different issue by giving new get to courses, prompting impromptu settlement also, misuse of personal assets; nearby populace levels, as an aftereffect of migration (work power) and in the movement of a remote populace because of expanded access and opportunities (Lemons, 1995); Atmospheric Impacts flaring, venting and cleaning gasses; burning procedures, for example, diesel motors and gas turbines; outlaw gasses from stacking operations and tankage and misfortunes from procedure hardware (Luxchaigul, 2014); airborne particulates from soil unsettling influence amid development and, from vehicle activity; Particulates from other smoldering sources, for example, well testing. Aquatic Impacts created water; colorless liquids, along with quality chemicals; procedure, and seepage water; sewerage, sterile and local squanders; Spillage (Makelane, 2015). Terrestrial Impacts physical aggravation as an aftereffect of development; Tainting coming about because of spillage and spillage or effective waste transfer; The circuitous effect was emerging from opening access and social change. Factors for Effective Application of Environmental Legislation proper universal rules and regulations along with national laws clear strategies for choices on ventures/exercises; enactment of plainly characterized obligations and appropriate liabilities; enforceable principles for operations; sound checking methodology and conventions; execution reporting; sufficiently financed and spurred requirement powers; the presence of sufficient discussion and offer methods; Proper authorizations and political will for the requirement Environmental Management in Oil and Gas Industry Improvement exercises of Oil and gas are required to develop to address the issue of developing nations, and it can be securely done with least unfavorable natural sway, just through a serious organization responsibility for ecological assurance (Productivity and Sustainable Management of the Humboldt Current Large Marine Ecosystem under climate change, 2015). The host government too needs a strong comprehension of investigation and creation operations and how they might influence nature. The exercises on both sides ought to in a perfect world be correlative to accomplish the savviest and earth sound methodology. It is present, for the most part, recognized that this method: methodically incorporates genuine issues into business choices through utilization of formal administration frameworks; Includes wellbeing, security and provincial administration into a unique system; Considers every single ecological part i.e. air, water, soil, and so forth.) Counteracts dump through contamination avoidance strategies and making re-utilization of squander segments, as opposed to introducing costly treatment for releases; Assesses options on a cost/advantage/hazard premise that incorporates natural qualities; Targets for minimizing asset inputs; and develops and takes a stab at constant change (Verma and Sangle, 2014). Investigation and creation operations include an assortment of connections, from the organization and temporary worker associations, furthermore, joint endeavors, to managing different partners, for example, the general population and the government. Legitimate issues are presently so various, perplexing, interconnected furthermore, ceaselessly developing, implies that a specially appointed way to deal with critical thinking is no more thought to be powerful (Westing, 1996). Hence, a requirement for a precise way to deal with the administration of wellbeing, security and ecological (HSE) issues must be significantly upheld. Alternative means available for Sustainable development of Oil and Gas Industry For meeting the basic challenge of sustainability and fulfilling the significant demand growth, it is necessary for the companies dealing with oil and gas to invest in recent innovative and better technologies along with significant talents. It is mandatory for bringing the specific cause just for the sustainable development of oil and gas. Alternative means will be the key source that will have a particular effect on sustainability of oil and gas. Thus it requires good amount of investments in development and research of various new innovative technologies. It would enable more oil and gas to be sustained as well as have the specific chance of progress and improvisation via efficiency and productivity of the major operations. Other specific priority that the oil and gas industry can significantly take is to advance the opportunities in business for the sustainable development of the market. Despite of having a huge demand for gas and oil, the industry prolifically faces huge challen ge to remain competitive in nature. Since the most of the oil reserves of the world is controlled by the Government it has become quite tough for the international Oil companies to generate growth. Thus to expand into various new markets it is necessary for the companies to diversify the business strategies which will provide a competitive edge. United Nations has strategically identified three basic objectives related to the sustainable energy for all. Ensuring access of energy universally Doubling the renewable energy share in the global energy mix Making the existing fuel technologies more efficient The most important area where the gas and oil industry around the world has taken significant process in improvisation of the efficiency is the gas flaring reduction. Continuous gas flaring is directly associated with the oil production and it has been a major problem as it contributes to 1.2% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. It is important to attain the significant objectives of the United Nations. The main goal of sustainable development and sustainability is to make the world achieve the environmental responsibility, economic development and social progress and it can be accomplished by the access of energy to develop, improve and maintain the societal progress and qualities of life. Minimizing the impact of environmental operations. Contributing to the policy development of the civil society. Demonstrating a high ethical standard Providing technology, trained personnel, capital for all the organizations for meeting the oil and gas safety and economically assess the needs of the society by using alternate energy resources. Maximizing the significant value of oil and gas production by optimizing the use of petroleum and mitigating the environmental impacts. Supporting the societal objectives of the communities that operates. Conclusion A definitive arrangement might be the revelation and generation of another vitality asset to supplant oil. Another vitality asset that is earth safe and inexpensively available could take care of some the issues connected with oil production. Studies demonstrate that the masses favor innovative work for renewable vitality advances and vitality protection over creative work for atomic energy, petroleum, and coal (Mulder, 2007). This new asset would be particularly valuable for nations. Moreover, all-broad access to this asset could mitigate the universal clashes that have so far emerged over natural assets. This new way is plausibility puts full exertion into getting another vitality asset; in spite of the fact that, without activity from the legislature, no current organization would be keen on seeking after another asset other than minimal effort oil References Adebo, G. and O. O, O. (2015). Analysis of City Greening Approach to Sustainable Ecosystem Management in Ondo State.Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, 4(1), p.149. Akono, E. (2013). Irreversibility, Option Demand and Environmental Preservation.Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, 2(2). Auld, D. (2015). Efficiency and Environmental Metrics of Algal Fuel.Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, 4(2), p.41. Cairns, M. and Meganck, R. (1994). Carbon sequestration, biological diversity, and sustainable development: Integrated forest management.Environmental Management, 18(1), pp.13-22. Curran, G. (2015). Political modernisation for ecologically sustainable development in Australia.Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, 22(1), pp.7-20. Gmen, Z. (2014). Exploring Land Developer Perspectives on Conservation Subdivision Design and Environmentally Sustainable Land Development.Environmental Management, 54(5), pp.1208-1222. Holling, C. (1986). Adaptive Environmental Management.Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 28(9), pp.39-39. Kalalo, F. (2015). Environmental Protection toward the Globalization Era.Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, 4(2), p.112. Lemons, J. (1995). Sustainable development and environmental protection: A perspective on current trends and future options for universities.Environmental Management, 19(2), pp.157-165. Luxchaigul, N. (2014). The Effectiveness of Sustainable Development of the Saving for Production Groups in Northeast of Thailand.Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, 3(1), p.168. Makelane, H. (2015). The Impact of Environmental Management Plans on Firms Compliance with Governmental Regulations and Environmental Laws.Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, 5(1), p.30. Mulder, K. (2007). From environmental management to radical technological change: industry in sustainable development.International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, 7(5/6), p.513. Phillips, V. (2009). Global Environmental Management Education Center.Journal of Education for Sustainable Development, 3(1), pp.99-101. Productivity and Sustainable Management of the Humboldt Current Large Marine Ecosystem under climate change. (2015).Environmental Development. Verma, B. and Sangle, S. (2014). Determinants of Sustainable Vision Strategy.Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, 3(2), p.31. Westing, A. (1996). Environmental Conflict Management and Sustainable Development.Envir. Conserv., 23(02), p.174. Zhou, S. (2009). Study on the Management Factors of the Sustainable Development Environmental Governance Mechanism in Inner Mongolia.JSD, 2(2).

Technology, Environment and Society Essay Example

Technology, Environment and Society Paper Technological innovation Creative. Feasible ideas Practical application Diffusion through society Environment Environment is defined as the immediate surroundings which supports life ND sustains various human activities. The surroundings comprises of Biotic or living things: plants, animals, microorganisms Biotic or non-living things: land, water, air etc. Society Society is people living together in communities. Chapter 1 . Brief History of Technology Beginnings (from beginning to BBC) universe: Evolution theory: Big bang theory, 10 to 20 billion years ago Solar system: Sun at the centre and eight planets, age of sun: about 5 billion years Earth and life: some facts Third planet that orbit the sun Formed from cloud of dust and gas drifting through space about 4. 6 billion years ago. First primitive life: algae and bacteria appeared around 3. 4 billion years ago. Human being Separation of human lineage from primates: about 2 million years ago. Modern human (homeostasis) appeared in Africa around 100,000 years ago. Beginning of human civilization: about 5000 years ago Stone Age Age prior to the beginning of civilized society (up to BBC) Tools: stone, wood, animal bone, horn No use of metal tools Potters wheel (around BBC) Nomadic culture: Humans moved from one place to another place searching for the foods At the end, more settled 1. 1 Civilizations between BBC to 1 660 AD . We will write a custom essay sample on Technology, Environment and Society specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Technology, Environment and Society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Technology, Environment and Society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer First civilizations (3000 Facto 1100 BC) Bronze Age Cupper: First discovered metal Bronze (Mixture Of Cue and Tin): Second discovered metal Sequences By BBC, quasi-civilized society in Egypt and Mesopotamia Around 3000 BC: human civilization began. Civilizations a. Egyptian civilization: in the valley of Nile b. Sumerian civilization: in plain of Tigris and Euphrates in Southern Mesopotamia c. Assyrian civilization: in upper Tigris d. Maya civilization: in Peru e. Civilizations in China f. Civilizations in India: Flourishing of Hindu religion in India, Veda and Punished g. First Babylonian empire Semitic (dark white or brownish people from Syria and Arabia) people conquered Sumerian by BBC, made Babylon the capital Hamburg: 6th king of Babylonian, made code of laws, which is first written code of laws h. Jews (Hebrews) Semitic people settled in Judea long before 1 000 B. C. Hebrew Bible (Old testament) around 1000 BC Prophets of Jews: Abraham, Mosses Solomon: king of Hebrew Monarchy, builder of the first temple in Jerusalem I. Spreading of Aryans Tribes of fair and blue eyed Nordic race Spread from central Europe to Asia Inventions/ Developments during Bronze age Discovery of bronze, Metal working, Glass working Invention of Potato in Peru Animal domestication: cattle, sheep, goats and asses Cultivation Navigation technology Techniques of Yoga and meditation Invention of first writing system (wage-shaped) by Sumerians Invention of picture writing system by Egyptians Invention of Semitic writing system by Hebrews by mixing Sumerian and Egyptian writing All other major languages, e. G. Sanskrit, Latin, Greek, French, Arabic etc. Derived from Semitic Construction of cities, temples, tombs, systematic irrigation, war chariots b. Iron Age (1100 BC to 500 AD) First use of iron for implements and weapons. Historical sequences in Iron Age a. Augusta Buddha (nearly 550 BC) b. Confucius and Ala TTS in China (around 6th century BC) c. Emperor Osaka in India: spread Buddhism to Kashmir, Persia, Ceylon, China and Alexandria (capital of Roman empire) d. Jesus Christ e. Victory of Aryan: from 900 to 600 BC over the whole ancient world: Semitic, Egyptian, Greek, India except China f. Greek civilization Greek people: trades, travelers, enthusiastic Greek Philosophers Thales, Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Ptolemy, Euclid, Archimedes Plato, Aristotle: most prominent Plato (400 BC): Mathematics and Astronomy Plato published a book named Utopia which deals with the plan to form a different and better than the existing one. Utopian society defines the process of development in three steps: plan, public, and law. Aristotle (BBC) Gathering information, analyzing and solving the problem in a systematic way (beginner of science). Father of history and founder of political science g. Roman civilization Autocratic Roman empire in Europe (from 200 BC) No scientific development Focus of Romans on health and well being h. Spreading of Mongolias all over the world by two century BC. Inventions/technological development during iron age Prosperous China: Construction of great wall, invention of paper, tea, wood block printing Development of Iron technology Literature: around 200 BC c. The middle ages (500 to 1450) Sequences Of middle age a. Prophet Muhammad (DADA) Dictated a book, Koran, which he declared was communicated to him from God Beginning of Islam religion b. Arabs supremacy Powerful Arabian empire: Arabians were Masters, Europeans pupils Stretched from Spain to China Learnt paper and printing from China Came in touch with Indian Mathematics Translated Greek literature . Mongolias conquest Jennings Khan (1200 AD): conquered China, Transmitted, Persia, Armenia, part of India down to Lahore, South Russia and Hungary Tioga Khan: completed the conquest of whole China and all Russia (former Soviet Union) Other emperors: Mango Khan, Kabuki Khan, Haulage Khan d. Mogul dynasty in India (Mongolia: Mogul in Urdu) Baber: Descendent of Mongolia, conquest India Kafka: completed the conquest of whole India f. Renaissance of Europe: Intellectual revival From 1 200 AD: revival of European intelligence Commercial and industrial activities boomed in northern and central Italian ties (1250) Development of cities Growth in trading Arabian literature and scientific experiments translated into common language Roger Bacon: father of modern experimental science, deserves prominence in our history second to that of Aristotle university at Paris, Oxford, Bologna and other cities Exploration: Marco Polo, Columbus, Vases De Gamma By 1500 AD, Europeans became intellectual and material leader Inventions/Developments in middle age a. From Arab world Great advances in Math, physics, Chemistry and Medical science Spreading of Arabic figure invented by Hindus, sign zero invented by Arabs Metallurgical ND technical devices made by Arabs b. From Mongolia Opening of silk road by Mongolias to link Asia and Europe for trade c. From renaissance of European Good quality paper and printing Advance in education and science Mariners compass d. Towards the modern world (1450 to 1 660) a. Period of growth for scientific knowledge Birth of many scientists: Leonardo Dad Vinci, Galileo, Keeper, Blaine Pascal, Robert Hook, Newton: Influenced the world of science b. Age of mechanical revolution Process of mechanical invention and discovery Technological development due to organized science Mechanical power and the machine doing the labor work of human and animals c. Advance in popular education throughout the Westernizes world Inventions/ Developments Invention of saw mill, microscope, telescope, clocks 1. 2 The Industrial revolution, early days (1660 to 181 5) The mechanical revolution was followed by the industrial revolution. Age of social and financial development Scientific discoveries, application of science and technology Began from England around sixties of seventeenth century after the invention of steam engine by James Watt Mass production, factory system and improved chicanery and machine tool Further advancement due to the invention of electric power By the early 19th century, industrial revolution spread to other parts of Europe Inventions/Developments Frederica Startled founded a pencil factory in Emerging, Germany. Startled Mars Gumbo Co. The oldest manufacturing companies in the world. Many books on industrial development water-powered mill Processing of iron from ore using blast furnace technique in 1 8th century Rolled iron sheet in 1 728 and rolled rods and bars in 1783. First modern steam engine by James Watt (1765) Use of steam power: cotton factory, boat, ship First locomotive by Trickier in 1 804 Electricity: Investigation of Franklin, Volta, Faraday and Galvanic Chemistry advanced American System of Manufacturing (1813) Steam powered train 1. 3 The Industrial revolution in maturity (1 815 to 1918) a. By early 1 9th century, science has come to be revolutionized. Prominent scientists e. G. Alfred Nobel, Faraday, Graham Bell, Charles Draw. in, Albert Einstein b. Age of engineering: Technological development Electric motor by Faraday (1821) First railway between Stockton and Darlington in 1825 Discovery of electric telegraph in 1835, first under seas cable laid in 1851 teen France and England Analytical engine by Charles Babbage (1 834), father of computer Steam hammer (1838) Bessemer process (1856) and open hearth process (1864) for processing of iron and steel Telephone by Alexander Graham Bell (1876) Steam turbine (1884) Petrol car by Carl Benz (1888) Internal combustion diesel engine by Rudolph Diesel (1893) Wireless telegraphy by Marion (1896) Medical science and agricultural science advanced In 1 903 testing of the first air craft by Wright brothers in the USA, availability Of airplane for humans from 1909 Book on scientific management by Taylor in 1911 Moving-assembly-line techniques for car manufacturing by Ford (1913) Project management techniques (Giant Chart -1917) Impact of industrial revolution Mechanization: Change of power source from muscle power and animal power to steam engine which was more economical, easier to handle and efficient than previous sources. Social, cultural and economical change Revolution in transport and communication Easier and more comfortable life, better health condition Advance in education, science, medicine, textile and agriculture Relocation of large portions of the population from the countryside to the towns and cities Growth in trade and business Availability of great variety of materials Rise of wealthy people Especially businessman became richer, while workers also got good wages. Start of automation replacing human operations Negative points: break up of joint family, women and child labor, gap between poor and rich Material growth and subsequent colonization Demand of raw materials and nationalist pride led colonization to produce and trade goods Dutch, Portuguese (Brazil), Spanish (North and South America), French, England Negative impact of colonization Conflict and internal strife in colonized countries Extraction of vast amounts of natural resources from the colonies by British Empire 1. 4 Influence of First and Second World wars on technology world war I (WWW) (1914-1918) Main Causes Beginning: Beginning of war after the assassination of Ferdinand, heir to the Status-Hungarian throne, by, a Bosnian Sere citizen of Austria-Hungary . The retaliation by Austria-Hungary against Serbia activated a series of alliances that set off a chain reaction of war declarations.