Family Care International Company Analysis Statistics Project

Family Care International Company Analysis - Statistics Project Example The importance of a nonprofit organization is that it helps in the development and the betterment of living of certain individuals within a society. Their role is important in providing assistance to the people wherein they seek of gaining profit and most of the times are voluntarily made by the members of the group. Will you do a strategic planning framework? The strategy to be employed for this project is a performance measure, wherein the project will present the internal and external environment of the organization, the strategic points employed by it and also the increased and also analyzing the performance of the organization in helping people who it intends to help. Performance measures are objective, quantitative indicators of various aspects of the performance of public programs and agencies. Basically the mission of FCI is to launch women groups who will help women and children in African countries and assure that their family life will be properly protected by them. The pl an will be for the entire organization, that is, it will help the institution to assess their performance and improve it for the future. Basically, the rigid laws governing the nonprofit organizations regarding their handling of money and the tax exemption can affect on their productivity. Thus, the organization may have a hard time to continue their operations and processing of data within the organization will be slow. Productivity and innovation will be difficult as the laws make it hard for them to do it. The plan will follow the following outline: About FCIA. Mission b. Principles and Activities Internal Environment of FCI External Environment of FCI Models of Management of FCI Performance of FCI This project will adopt a qualitative method wherein the researcher will have to talk personally to the staff of FCI to be able to assess their knowledge towards their own mission and organization. This style is more feasible in aiming of a collective response and personal approach in obtaining the needed data for the study. Qualitative style can help the researcher analyze how FCI can better help the people and obtain their objectives. PART 2 Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement Plan The stakeholders include The World Bank, non-governmental organizations (World Vision and Action Aid International), World Health Organization, health experts (Medical doctors, clinical officers and nutritionists), women and children below the age of 14 years, as well as the government (US Government). The place of each stakeholder on the power vs. interest grid below Low-High Women & children (below the age of 14 years) High-high World Bank World Health Organization NGO’s (Above mentioned) Low-low Health experts (Med

An analysis of Macbets struggle Essay Example for Free

An analysis of Macbets struggle Essay Violence, blood and death. The quintessential characteristics of war. Shakespeares Macbeth is based on a war, but not your typical one. The real war in the play and the underlining factor leading to Macbeths death, is not fought on a battlefield, there are no swords, and no soldiers to swing them. The real war is fought in Macbeths mind. Macbeths conscience and vaulting ambition alternate in controlling his actions throughout the play. Many critics of the play believe that from the first scene to the last, Macbeths character is unchanging, and that he is always governed by his greed, selfishness and evil. This is not so. Right from the outset of the story, Macbeths indecisiveness is evident. In act I, Macbeth struggles a great deal in deciding whether or not to murder the king and take his throne. When Macbeth is first given the prophecy that he will be king, he dreads the thought of killing a man that has been like a father to him. This shows that Macbeth has a conscience, and that deep down inside, he is a good person. When he arrives home to his kingdom though, he is greeted by Lady Macbeth who reveals her plan to make her husband King when she says: I will pour my spirits into thine ear, And chastise with the valor of my tongue All that impedes thee from the golden round. (Iv, 24 26) Macbeths conscience tries to fight the constant attacks by his wife who insists that he should kill the king. Finally, Macbeth decides his fate, listens to the poisoned words of his wife and kills Duncan. Immediately after the death of Duncan, Macbeth is completely overcome by guilt. For the moment, he forgets about the now empty throne, and cant comprehend what or why he has done what he has done. When Lady Macbeth realizes that in a state of confusion he has forgotten to remove the daggers from the Kings room, she tells him to go back and get them. He replies by  saying Ill go no more./ I am afraid to think what I have done. / Look ont again, I dare not (II ii, 50 52). This passage outlines the fact that once again, his conscience has taken over control of his mind. Macbeth feels horribly about what he has done to his King. When Macbeth tries to wash the blood from his hands he remarks: Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood Clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather The multitudinous seas incardine, Making the green one red (II ii, 60 63) Macbeth believes that what he has done will never be washed away from his conscience. He will always have the death of King Duncan hanging over his head. Unfortunately, this is the last we see of Macbeths conscience. Tormented over the likelihood of being unmasked as Duncans murderer, Macbeth continues his evil ways in an attempt to stay on the throne. His vaulting ambition has surfaced once more to overthrow any spot of good left in him and he shows no more remorse for Duncans murder. Wanting to become safely king, Macbeth plots out the murder of one of his best friends Banquo, the only other person besides Macbeth and his wife, who is aware of the three witches and their prophecy. Again, this shows that his need to succeed in life is overshadowing his conscience. Macbeths last, and most evil deed is the slaying of Macduffs family. Macbeth puts innocent women and children to death in an attempt lure Macduff back to Scotland so he can have him murdered as well. At this point in the play, it seems as though Macbeth doesnt have a good bone in his body. The little voice of reason inside his head has been snuffed out, and he decides that the only way to be a good King is to make drastic and rash decisions. Macbeth unravels before our eyes and is finally beheaded by Macduff in revenge for the slaying of his family. The war between Macbeths conscience and his vaulting ambition is not fought  on a battle field but still had all the exemplary attributes of one that is. Violent acts were carried out, blood was shed, and people died. The struggle going on In Macbeths head was finally over, his ambition the victor, and Macbeth himself the defeated. When the hurly-burly was done, the war in Macbeths mind was both lost and won.

Controlling Corporate Farming Essay -- Agriculture Farm Essays Papers

Controlling Corporate Farming 'Sixty-one percent of America's agriculture output comes from corporate farms' (Abbey, 2002). 'Nationwide there are 163,000 corporate operations and 63% of these are under contract to a consolidated firm' (Abbey, 2002). Stated by Fred Kirschenmann, 'If current trends of consolidation continue, and all the farms in Iowa become 225,000 acre farms, there will be only 140 farms in the entire state' (Abbey, 2002). Large corporations are coming in and taking over the farming industry. They are making it almost impossible for small, family operated farms to survive. 'The six and a half million small farms of 1935 decreased to 575,000 by 1998? (Abbey, 2002). The large corporations are using the land like miners-they strip it down and get what they need, but they don't put anything back to it. Studies have shown that the family farms take care of the soil and put back the nutrients they use. There are different anti-corporate farming laws around the country that are trying to protect the small family farming industry. ?Contrary to misinformation, the world?s embattled small farms are two to ten times more productive per unit than large, tax-subsidized and chemical based operations run by corporate agriculture? (Earth Island Journal, 2000). Many people agree that the larger corporate farms are producing more, but studies show that small farms are more productive because they keep the soil usable for longer periods of time. Corporate farms are becoming like mines as they are stripping the land of its organic matter and nutrients that are essential to crop production. The corporations usually produce a single commodity under contract with a consolidated... ...celdf.org/cdp/cdp13.asp>. Krause, Kennith R. Corporate Farming: importance, incentives, and state restrictions. Washington D.C: U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1983. Lyson, Thomas A. "Agriculture industrialization, anticorporate farming laws, and rural community welfare." Environment and Planning A 37.8 (2005). McDonough, Molly. "Down On The Farm." ABA Journal 89.11 (2003). "Power of Frames". Turn On the News. Nov. 2, 2005 . "Small Farming is Beautiful." Earth Islan Journal 15.1 (2000). Thompson, Nancy. "Anti-Corporate Farming Laws as Environmental Policy". Core 4. Nov. 2, 2005 . Welsh, Rick. "Anti-Corporate Farming Laws, the "Godschmidt Hypothesis"". Friends of the Constituion. Nov. 2, 2005 .

Dbq: Cricket and Politics Rough Draft

When examining the relationship between cricket and politics In South Asia from 1880 to 2005, there was much continuity and change. A significant continuity was that as in document 3, â€Å"first it was the hunter, the missionary, the merchant, next the soldier and the politician, and then the merchant. † It was said by Cecil Headlam that this was the history of British colonization. As this continued cricket brought together the rulers and the ruled, which continued to make things more moral.A significant change is that politically India and Europe didn’t really get along so in Document 6 and the Natore XI defeated European teams that had such pride. Also in document 2, Prince Ranjiitsinhji would return to England to join the Sussex team, but will return to India as head of an English team and then return as a head of an Indian team. It shows how politics changed things in India as well in England were cricket brought people of different religions and politics together over time.Most of the documents I could find many great continuities between politics and cricket, cricket seemed to bring more people together of different backgrounds from competitively to just the game itself. Since the early 1900’s cricket united the people of a supreme power to its followers. The game since then to 2005 put the politics to the side and taught people morals, self-restraint, and even education in pluck. Cricket was far more valuable, this helped to continue the history of the British colonization (Doc. ). Also cricket has many lessons in others walks of life not just in India or even Britain, but there continues to be a lesson. In the game there was always a connection to the other players because they all came to play the same game (Doc. 6). In the 1940’s the Hindu cricket club requested Mohandas Gandhi for his support in continuing religiously based cricket competitions, to Gandhi the continuation of religious based teams were un-sportsman like.T he influence of government changed who played the game of cricket and now challenged each other’s religion instead of the game. (Doc. 8). The game of cricket has been looked upon as not of an elite sport. Also problems were seen mostly in class systems in Docs. 2, 3, and 4. In Doc. 2 Prince Ranjiitsinhji was able to join a team in Britain, were Britain’s looked down to Indians. In Doc. 3, In England a English writer saw the game of cricket as a uniting tool, but if this came from an Indian historian things could be seen differently.It seems that the English always tried to make the game of cricket full of unity, but I feel as if the Indians would disagree with many things the English had put out over the years, in which India later on became independent. In Doc. 4 there was more of a sense of equality between the castes in India, they seemed to be able to ignore the caste and focus on the true game of cricket. If it wasn’t for cricket the people of the different classes would look down on the lower classes or even the lower classes would not like the others.

Clearwater Seafoods case Essay

Clearwater Seafood (Clearwater) is a seafood company located on the east coast of Canada, and Clearwater Seafood income Fund with operations around the world. As a result of the increasing importance of the Canadian dollar relative to other currencies of the world, Clearwater recently stopped paying their distributions. The decision faced by the financial director to determine the strategy of the company should take to enable it to recover its distribution. This is due to the choice between various financial and operational resources to hedge currency risks that brought the company to its current situation Background: Clearwater was founded in 1976 at Bedford, Nova Scotia as a local lobster distributer and later in 2002 went public. Clearwater Seafood harvests, processes, and distributes fresh and frozen fish and shellfish to sell worldwide. It holds major offshore rights to harvest clams, crab, lobster, scallops, and shrimp off the north eastern coast of Canada. Clearwater Seafood operates its own fleet of ships, along with off-shore and on-shore processing facilities. Foreign Exchange Risk: Foreign exchange risk is the risk to the value of one’s assets when it is valued in another currency. The exchange rate of a currency to another may be volatile. It is this change in value of the currency that gives rise to foreign exchange risk. Depreciation in the currency in which your assets are denominated will result in a lower value of your assets when measured in another currency compared to the period before depreciation. The majority of Clearwater’s customers are international customers. In 2005, majority of Clearwater’s sales were from overseas customers. The source of their foreign exchange risk is the payment method that the company implements. The customers are billed in their domestic currency rather than in Canadian dollars. Clearwater deals with customers from the US, Japan, Europe and Asia. The company receives payment from its international customers in their respective currency. When the Canadian dollar appreciates in relation to all these currencies, the money that Clearwater receives from their customers loses value. The higher the Canadian dollar appreciates, the less Canadian dollars Clearwater can convert to with the US dollars, euros or yen that  they receive from their customers. Risks associated with foreign exchange are partially mitigated by the fact Clearwater operates internationally, which reduces the impact of any country ­ specific economic risks on its business. Clearwater also uses forward exchange contracts to manage its foreign currency exposures. Clearwater’s sales denominated in U.S. dollars were approximately 55% of annual sales as on December 31st 2005. These forward contracts were such that a one-cent change in the U.S. dollar as converted to Canadian dollars would result in a $505,000 change in sales and gross profit. In addition, approximately 19% of 2005 annual sales were denominated in Euros. Based on the sales and hedges in place on December 31, 2005, a one-cent change in the Euro as converted to Canadian dollars would result in a $285,000 change in sales and gross profit. Also, 8% of 2005 annual sales were denominated in Japanese Yen. Based on 2005 annual sales, every one ­ twentieth of a cent change in the Yen as converted to Canadian dollars would result in a change of  ¥118,087,000 in sales and gross profit. It is clear that Clearwater faces significant foreign exchange risk and the implications of an adverse change in the currency conversions can be too huge for the company to endure. Business risk: Business risk is the possibility that a company will have lower than anticipated profits or the company will incur a loss. Business risk may influenced by numerous factors, including sales volume, per-unit price, input costs, competition, and overall economic climate and government regulations. Clearwater’s business depends on a continuing supply of product that meets its quality and quantity requirements. Water temperatures, feed in the water and the presence of predators all influence the level of the catch and harvesting locations are not necessarily consistently successful from year to year. The availability of seafood in Canadian and Argentinean waters is also dependent on the total allowable catch allocated to Clearwater in a given area. Although the totals allowable catch in these areas and Clearwater’s enterprise allocations have been largely stable, fishery regulators have the right to make changes in the total allowable catch based on their assessment of the resource from time to time. Any reduction of total allowable catches in the areas from which Clearwater sources seafood, or the reduction of stocks due to changes in the  environment or the health of certain species, may have a material adverse effect on Clearwater’s financial condition and results of operations. Resource risk is managed through adherence to the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (†DFO†) policies and guidelines. The guidelines, developed by DFO, are very often a cooperative effort between industry participants and DFO. Clearwater mitigates the risk associated with resource supply and competition through the diversification across species. Clearwater’s operating costs may be negatively affected by increases in inputs, such as energy costs, raw material and commodity prices. Clearwater uses fuel, electricity, air and ocean freight and other materials in the production, packaging and distribution of its products. Fuel and freight are two significant components of the costs of Clearwater’s products and the distribution thereof the inability of any of Clearwater’s suppliers to satisfy its requirements or a material increase in the cost of these inputs may have an adverse effect on Clearwater’s financial condition and results of operations. The seafood industry is highly competitive in all of the markets in which Clearwater participates. Some of Clearwater’s competitors have more significant operations within the marketplace, a greater diversification of product lines and greater economic resources than Clearwater and are well established as suppliers to the markets that Clearwater serves. Such competitors may be better able to withstand volatility within the seafood industry and throughout the economy as a whole while retaining greater operating and financial flexibility than Clearwater. There can be no assurance that Clearwater will be able to compete successfully against its current or future competitors or that competition will not affect Clearwater’s financial condition and results of operations. Recommendations for management: Foreign Exchange Risk: Clearwater did not completely offset the recent currency fluctuations with their hedge positions and they paid the price for it. It is recommended that they fully hedge all their foreign exchange positions. FPI is an example of a competitor in the industry who has benefited from doing so. FPI was largely unaffected by the currency fluctuation that badly affected Clearwater. This is justified by FPI’s increase in sales from 2003 to 2004  where Clearwater had corresponding drop in sales during the same period. It is also recommended that Clearwater switch its short call options to long call options. In its current short call position, Clearwater is the seller of the option and has no right to exercise the option. Clearwater is responsible to meet its obligations in the case the counterparty exercises the option at strike price. In a nut shell, under this short call position, Clearwater does not eliminate uncertainty on currency prices, its counterpart however does. Instead of this position, Clearwater should enter in long call options to hedge its foreign exchange risk. They should lock in prices to buy Canadian dollars in all the foreign currencies that they receive as payment such as US dollars, yen, euro, sterling and others. If the Canadian dollar were to appreciate, they would exercise the call option at the stipulated strike price and this would cut their losses of further appreciation. If the Canadian dollar were to depreciate, Clearwater would merely lose the price paid for the option premium. Overall, Clearwater benefits from this long call position regardless whether the exchange rate appreciates or depreciates as they have removed uncertainty in the exchange rate. Clearwater should also diversify its hedging strategies and enter into a matching receipts and payments strategy. This method involves offsetting receipts and payments. As a major part of their foreign exposure is to the US dollar, it is recommended that they rearrange some of their purchasing arrangement with its current domestic suppliers and switch to suppliers from the United States. By switching to American suppliers, they will be billed in US dollars. The US dollars that Clearwater receives from its American customers can be used to pay the bills that are denominated in US dollars. This directly nullifies any volatility in the US dollar to Canadian dollar exchange rate. Clearwater should enter into agreements with its large counterparties to receive payment in Canadian dollars. This will transfer the risk onto the other party’s head and will allow matching strategy to be implemented. This may not be possible for the smaller parties that owe Clearwater money. Another alternative would be for Clearwater to hedge their currency positions through investing in gold. It has been a common business practice for many years to use gold or other precious metals to hedge currency positions. The company could consider keeping gold in their portfolios to guard against economic downturns. As the seafood industry is  an industry that is primarily based on international trade, the success of any company in this industry will rely on the way the company manages its foreign exchange risk. Clearwater should expand its foreign exchange management program with qualified financial professional who have years of prior knowledge in hedging currency positions. Operating and Business risk: As compared to its competitors FPI and American Seafoods Group, Clearwater offers more high-value seafood products with higher prices. Therefore it is highly unlikely that the company has the ability to pass on any increases in fuel prices to their customers, without a negative impact on their profit margins. It is recommended that the company buys a fuel swap to hedge against fuel prices. In addition to that, the company could also consider buying a fuel call option. If the price of fuel increases, the company will receive a return on the option that offsets their actual cost of fuel. In terms of expanding its market, I believe that Clearwater should look into entering the Chinese market in the future. The increasing demand for high-value seafood in China has been fuelled by its growing middle class. The company could market its seafood products as being fresh and natural to beat the local Asian aquaculture competitors who currently dominate that market. In order to fund the fuel hedge as well as the China marketing cost, it is advised that Clearwater sell off surplus TACs. Clearwater currently owns the highest percentage of TACs in Canada. It is recommended that clam TACs be sold as Clearwater currently has full TAC ownership of clams with the largest quota of 44,000. However clams only make about 15.6% of the company’s sales which suggest that the profit margins on clams is relatively small compared to scallops or lobsters who have sales percentage of 31.3% and 22.5% respectively and TAC quotas of 10,275 and 720 respectively. I believe it is logical to make a small sacrifice to gain funding to hedge volatile fuel cost as well as fund marketing costs into a new segment. Greater good is expected at the cost of a small sacrifice. As the company currently faces difficulty in the foreign exchange market, this way of funding ignores currency rates as Clearwater will be selling their TACs to other Canadian companies which would be paying for the TACs in the Canadian dollars.

Arab Crusades essays

Arab Crusades essays Popular perceptions paint the Crusades as an act of Christian aggression toward as alien Eastern culture. Although this was an important catalyst to the declarations of the Crusades, it is in fact not the Arab catalyst of the crusades. Maalouf through Arab chronicles conveys the idea that the major factors that allowed the establishment of the crusaders was political rivalry amongst the Seljuk amirs along with the powerless Abbasid caliph who could do nothing to control the fighting amongst these rulers. The key factors that ultimately expelled the crusaders were the many victories of Saladin that left the crusaders with little land and few men. The rule of the Mamluks around 1250 also let to this expulsion. To begin you must clearly understand the definition of political rivalry to understand how the Arabs believed this to be a key factor of the invasions. Political rivalry is explained as fighting amongst political organizations in order to gain or overtake something or someone (Britannica 2002) . The Seljuks were a group of Nomadic Turkish Warrior Leaders from Central Asia who established themselves in the Middle East during the 11th Century as guardians of the declining Abbasid caliphate. After 1055 they founded the great Seljuk Sultanate. This was an empire centered in Baghdad and including Iran, Iraq, and Syria. During their rule DSlejuk princes struggle for the throne ...

Cervical Dysplasia Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essays

Cervical Dysplasia Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essays Cervical Dysplasia Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essay Cervical Dysplasia Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essay Essay Topic: The Birth Mark Cervical Dysplasia Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Cervical dysplasia, also known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), is a premalignant transformation, which is characterized by abnormal growth of cells over the surface of the cervix. This condition is curable and is not considered as cancer and ranges from mild to severe forms depending upon the concentration of abnormal cell formation. However, sometimes this disease may not require intervention and can eliminate on its own due to strong immune response, and if left untreated it may also lead to cervical cancer. Visit Complete Report Here: marketresearchreports.biz/analysis-details/cervical-dysplasia-market-global-industry-analysis-size-share-growth-trends-and-forecast-2013-2019 Chronic form of cervical dysplasia is mainly caused due to infection of the cervix with sexually transmitted human papilloma viruses, especially through its 16 and 18 ty pes. This disease is very common among females of age between 25 to 35 years of age, but it can affect women of all age groups. Cervical dysplasia can also be caused in people having multiple sex partners, early pregnancy or early child birth, and other illnesses and is often devoid of any visible symptoms, but it can be detected via human papilloma virus DNA test. Cervical dysplasia can be treated via monotherapy or combination drugs, ablation therapy and resection (removal of the abnormal area) therapy. On the basis of the degree of the condition the cervical dysplasia market can be classified into three major segments namely, mild dysplasia (CIN1), moderate dysplasia (CIN2) and severe dysplasia to cancer (CIN3).Major driving factors for the growth of cervical dysplasia market include, increasing occurrences of various sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), increasing smoking habits, alcohol and drug abuse, increasing usage of immunosuppressant drugs and others. The

A Profile of Marita Bonner

A Profile of Marita Bonner Born on June 16, 1898, educated in Brookline, Massachusetts, public schools and Radcliffe College, Marita Bonner published short stories and essays from 1924 to 1941 in Opportunity, The Crisis, Black Life and other magazines. She occasionally published under the pseudonym Joseph Maree Andrew. Her 1925 essay in Crisis, On Being Young, A Woman, and Colored which deals with racism and sexism and poverty, is an example of her social commentary. She also wrote several plays. Bonners writing dealt with issues of race, gender, and class, as her characters struggled to develop more fully in the face of social limitations, highlighting especially the vulnerability of black women. She married William Almy Occomy in 1930 and moved to Chicago where they raised three children and where she also taught school. She published as Marita Bonner Occomy after her marriage. Her Frye Street stories were set in Chicago. Marita Bonner Occomy did not publish any more after 1941 when she joined the Christian Science Church. Six new stories were found in her notebooks after she died in 1971, although the dates indicated shed written them before 1941. A collection of her work was published in 1987 as Frye Street and Environs: The Collected Works of Marita Bonner. Marita Bonner Occomy died in 1971 of complications of injuries sustained in a fire in her home.

Life in Prison Walls Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life in Prison Walls - Term Paper Example In order to understand the harsh life of a prisoner one only has to visit the â€Å"tent city† prison in Arizona, run by the sheriff Joe Arapaio. This is one of the harshest prisons in the United States, where 2000 prisoners are held in a permanent canvas compound with a high fence in 130 degree C temperature. All the prison inmates, be they men, women or children are made to clean the city streets, bound in chain gangs and the inadequate meals they get, costs less than 10p per head. Arapaio’s reasons for making the prisoners work in the city are to put them up as potential deterrents for the population. Ideally the goal of a prison sentence is to make the prisoner pay off his debts to society, which he owes it, due to his unruly behavior, and make him fit to enter society once again. But, like all ideals, this too is far removed from reality. Behind the prison walls, there is a systematic psychological attack on the mind of the punished, whereas they in fact are a â€Å"group†¦in need of help.†(Pager) Lawrence Bobo, goes so far as to say that the prison represents a normalization of a â€Å"remarkable set of social conditions.† Life in the confines of a prison robs a person of his self-worth and leaves him vulnerable to attacks on his already dulled psyche. Erwin James, who served 20 years in a prison in the United Kingdom says that the humiliation suffered during trail is enough to make a person feel guilty for life and the further humiliation suffered in prison is wholly unnecessary. Most people feel that our prison systems are not helping much in stopping the escalating crime wave in our countries because something is radically wrong with the system. To serious criminals, the punishment meted out to them would be quite trivial, whereas for the other criminals it would be a nightmarish experience. Small crimes could get off with a fine, but bigger crimes are

List given to choose from Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

List given to choose from - Research Paper Example Brian Turner is an American army veteran who served the army for seven years. He was assigned in Bosnia in 1999 and Herzegovina in 2000. Later, in 2004 he served as a team leader in the first Stryker brigade sent to Iraq, and was stationed near Mosul for much of 2004. As a poet, Turner’s contributions to war poetry, as Clover and Brouer note, are his earnest and proficient observations of war, which the audience would not find in a press release. In his poems, Turner provides his reflections of war apart from the Yeatsian style, which is said to â€Å"negotiate between the expectations of antiwar audience and the demands of American poetry as a national genre† (Metres 14). Instead, Turner employs seriality in his poems. The term seriality was first introduced by Jean-Paul Sarte and was later used by Iris Marion Young to refer to the collectivity of women â€Å"based on social experiences† (Zack 139). In this paper, the term seriality is used not just to refer to women but to a group of people with the same experiences, particularly soldiers or promoters of peace. In â€Å"Here, Bullet,† one can conceive the seriality among soldiers, not just American soldiers. The persona in the poem is a soldier who challenges bullet in his body to take his life, saying, â€Å"I dare you to finish what you have started. ..triggering my tongue’s explosives for the riffling I have inside of me† (8-9, 12-13). By talking to the bullet this way, the persona embodies every soldier’s view of life and death. Turner does not limit the identity of his persona to an American soldier. There are no descriptions to identify the soldier’s nationality. As such, the poem achieves universality as it deals with the struggles of soldiers for life. The seriality in Turner’s poems leads the audience to empathize with soldiers and feel resistance to war. The poem does not limit the audience to share the author’s political view of war. Instead, the poem guide the readers to gain personal insights and understanding of the issue by submerging them into the experience and not just soliciting reactions or observations as other poems usually do. This view of the audience as active participants in the experience is in accordance with Adorno’s view (Metres 13). Specifically, in Turner’s award-winning poem, â€Å"Here, Bullet,† the author powerfully uses the first-person perspective to address a bullet that is supposed to cause the persona’s death. The persona uses an implied personification and talks straight to the bullet, saying, Because here, Bullet,/here is where I complete the word you bring (9-10). As the readers recite the poem, they are led to assume the persona’s identity by the use of â€Å"I.† Addressing an inanimate object such as a bullet signifies a one-sided conversation that captures the interest of the readers to engage in the communication either as the per sona or the addressee. Unlike in a monologue where the persona controls his/her thoughts as he/she addresses him/herself, the dialogue allows the audience to participate as either the persona or the addressee, thus achieving seriality not only among soldiers but peacemakers alike. Turner’s use of polyvocal collage invites the readers to be active participants to the war experience or the journey. The term polyvocal collage suggests the use of different speakers in the

Current Financial Article Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Current Financial Article Summary - Essay Example Homeowners are required to post insurance for titles of their properties for the purpose of gaining protection from property claimants. The author averred that â€Å"a 1974 federal law gives purchasers the right to choose† (McClay, 2011, par. 3) the title insurers, which, not all homeowners are aware of. Title insurers underwrite policies that protect the property from unforeseen claims. They, or the agents who sell the policies, conduct a land records search to make sure the property history is clean. The insurance pays for expenses related to defending against claims on the property and covers any valid claims. Homeowners who are refinancing are usually required to buy a policy, often for a lower rate (McClay, 2011, par. 8). The experience of a retired computer engineer, Tom Strange, faced with considering the title insurance offered by his mortgage broker, manifested a substantial savings that ensued from his searching the internet for alternative options. The offered price from Strange’s mortgage broker for the title insurance was $1,870. Upon exercising his right to select other alternatives, he was able to get a title insurance that was pegged a price half than what was offered by his mortgage broker. Actually, as revealed by McClay, the search for alternative options was only made possible when homeowners were revealed to â€Å"receive a summary of their closing costs earlier in the buying process. It’s been required by law since January 2010 that lenders must provide accurate closing costs within three business days of receiving a mortgage application† (McClay, 2011, par. 4). The three-day leeway in time prior to the submission of the application to refinance the mortgage makes it possible for homeowners to search the web and to compare quotations of costs from various title insurers. In analyzing the substantial amount in savings, the report revealed that be doing away with

Endangered Species Reseach Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Endangered Species Reseach - Research Paper Example Human processes such as clearing of forests, poaching, human settlement, building of infrastructure and agricultural expansion have destroyed natural habitats for plants and animals. Destroying natural habitats leads to the extinction of certain species of both plant and animal families (Pimentel, Westra, and Reed). Destroying natural habitats leads to the threat of more plant and animal species to be at risk of further extinction. This paper shall focus its argument on extinction of tigers caused by human processes, which threaten to endanger this species of the animal family. The paper shall discuss the need for human beings to act against extinction crisis facing the world. Human beings are the primary cause of the current mass extinction of species facing planet earth. Scientists predict that if current trends are to carry on, half of all species may become extinct in less than 100 years. Activities such as habitat destruction, climate change and pollution are significantly contr ibuting to this mass extinction. Only a few of the global population are aware of the current mass extinction. This poses a substantial problem to the raising of awareness of mass extinction. Tigers are among the most endangered species in the globe today. There were eight subspecies of tigers known in the world of which three have already become extinct. Tigers live in densely covered grasslands. This assists with their camouflage for prey. Three subspecies of tigers have become extinct: Bali tiger, Caspian tiger and Javan tiger (Burke 22). The remaining subspecies of tiger continue facing endangerment due to actions of human beings. From approximated 10,000 tigers in the world in 1900, tiger population has dropped to an estimated 4000-5000 in the globe. The ever increasing human population and industrial growth lead to competition for land and food between human beings and tigers. Due to the increasing population, human beings become forced to clear land for settlement and in turn destroy the natural habitat for tigers. Due to human encroachment and clearing of natural habitats, tigers become endangered since they become homeless (Burke 23). They get forced to wander into unfavorable habitats, which are not conducive for their survival. Human beings need to practice natural living. This ensures that habitats for plants and animals do not get destroyed to ensure the continued existence of different species (Thoreau 51). The existence of different species within a habitat promotes biodiversity and promotes natural beauty of the environment. It enhances the natural balance between ecosystems promoting healthier lives between living organisms in the ecosystem. Global climate change has contributed to species endangerment and extinction. Climate change has led to destroyed habitats for animal and plant species. Climate change has largely been caused by environmental pollution. Industrial revolution by human beings has largely contributed to environmental pollutio n. Carbon dioxide released by industries into the air contributes to climate change. Climate change affects weather patterns, and this affects habitat growth (Zebrowski 106). Grasslands and forests are prime habitats for plant and animal species. When the natural habitats for species become destroyed, species become homeless and are at risk of getting killed as human encroachment also proceeds. There is the need for habitat protection and creation of reserves

Fashion marketing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fashion marketing research - Essay Example The essay "Fashion marketing research" provides a research on fashion marketing. Due to short-lived nature of particular fashion trend, fashion marketers feel the pressure of continuously upgrading inventory and product offering to customers. Otherwise, it will be difficult for fashion marketers to ensure sustainable relevance to the customer based value proposition being offered by them (Kotler et al., 2001). In order to understand dynamics of fashion market, the study has selected two UK based fashion retailers as case organizations such as French connection and jigsaw. Objective of this study will be to analyze UK fashion market by comparing these two brands. In the last part, based on the analysis, suitable suggestions will be made for improving value proposition for French connection and jigsaw. In order to conduct primary research, author of this essay has visited Jigsaw store located in Duke Street, London and French Connection store located in oxford street, London. Objective of this study had been discussed with incoming customers in both the store. Convenience sampling (non probabilistic sampling) was used for selecting five respondents in each store. Open ended questions regarding perceptions of customers regarding profile/image of these two brands were asked to customers. In case of Jigsaw store located in Duke Street, London; marketer has integrated with juice bar, juke box and coffee shop inside the store while such types of additional amenities were absent in case.

Brand management, Managing price discounting and its possible impact Assignment

Brand management, Managing price discounting and its possible impact on Brand equity - Assignment Example 11 Kotler, P & Caslione, J.A. (2009). Chaotics: the business of managing and marketing in the age of turbulence. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. 11 Saxena, R. (2005). Marketing Management. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. 11 Schultz, D.E. et.al. (1998). Sales promotion essentials: the 10 basic sales promotion techniques-- and how to use them. McGraw-Hill Professional. 11 Introduction Price promotions are also known as price discounting. Most companies adjust the list price of the products and allow discounts to get early payments, purchase at a high volume and off season buying. Price discounting has become the mode of operation for almost all the companies. Some of the products tend to be always on sale. Companies having overcapacity of products gives more discounts. The manufacturer should stop the discounting rate at which they offer to the retailers. This practice may results in losing the long term profits. Kevin Clancy had found that about 15% to 35% of the buyers are price sensitive . People with higher level of income are willing to pay more for better products, quality customer service and for the brand name. Thus this can prove to be harmful for strong and distinctive brands. On the other hand price discounting can also prove to be useful only if the company gains a concession (Kotler, 1972, p.390). Brand equity is defined as the brands perception in the minds of the consumers. It is about how the employees, customers, the stakeholders and the consumers feel for a particular brand. Brand equity is driven by four factors such as perceived quality, brand awareness, brand association and brand loyalty (Knapp, 2000, p.2). Price discounting Price discounting is used to accomplish different goals. One of the primary reasons for price discounting is to dispose of the remaining inventory from the previous seasons and stocking in with new merchandise in the stores and the warehouse. This practice is usually preferred by those companies who tend to change their select ions of merchandise. Another reason of price discounting is to encourage the consumers to visit the retail outlet. Such strategies are widely used by grocery stores, drug and discount stores where the consumer buys in a bulk. The use of price discounting is known as bait and switch. Price discounting is also done by retailers in order to create price discrimination between different consumers. This is a process which targets both the price sensitive and price insensitive consumers. The other set of consumers prefers buying when products are put up on sale rather than from competitive retailers. Sometimes retailers offers product at a discounting rate so that the company can have an upper hand from new competitors as well as from the existing ones (Schultz, et.al, 1998, p.188). Objectives for Price Discounting Pricing is one of the biggest pitfalls that a management deals during optimal economy. But pricing involves a lot of risk when the economy is not stable. Price discounting does work well to achieve the objectives of the company. A retailer prefers price discounting in order to meet their targets and objectives. Price discounting always involves risk, especially when it is not done correctly. It can hamper the business (Kotler & Caslione, 2009, p.58). Therefore there are certain objectives which are well suited for price discounting whereas other is not preferred. The objectives are set by the retailers, in order to achieve the set goals they offer

Fashion marketing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fashion marketing research - Essay Example The essay "Fashion marketing research" provides a research on fashion marketing. Due to short-lived nature of particular fashion trend, fashion marketers feel the pressure of continuously upgrading inventory and product offering to customers. Otherwise, it will be difficult for fashion marketers to ensure sustainable relevance to the customer based value proposition being offered by them (Kotler et al., 2001). In order to understand dynamics of fashion market, the study has selected two UK based fashion retailers as case organizations such as French connection and jigsaw. Objective of this study will be to analyze UK fashion market by comparing these two brands. In the last part, based on the analysis, suitable suggestions will be made for improving value proposition for French connection and jigsaw. In order to conduct primary research, author of this essay has visited Jigsaw store located in Duke Street, London and French Connection store located in oxford street, London. Objective of this study had been discussed with incoming customers in both the store. Convenience sampling (non probabilistic sampling) was used for selecting five respondents in each store. Open ended questions regarding perceptions of customers regarding profile/image of these two brands were asked to customers. In case of Jigsaw store located in Duke Street, London; marketer has integrated with juice bar, juke box and coffee shop inside the store while such types of additional amenities were absent in case.

Features of Chinese Economic Development Article

Features of Chinese Economic Development - Article Example This paper critically reviews recent trends in economic policies by Chinese government, leading to a rapid economic development of the country in the last decades. Economic development is the measure of the progress of an economy. China is an Asian nation that has a unique economy. Reforms in China began in 1978 and since then the economic development has undergone various changes and implementations. Following these reforms between 1978 and 2005 the gross domestic product was on average 9.6% per year. China’s financial industry is of importance to the political system as they depend on the banking sector for funding. The financial reforms after 1997 involved formation of Communist Party Central Financial Work Commission. By establishing the CFWC, the Zhu Rongji government used Leninist political means to bolster the financial market integrity and reform. Zhu Rongji was a key economic policy maker in China. The CFWC served as a coordinating and planning body for regulatory bodies. It was dissolved and a Banking Regulatory Commissionestablished as a separate banking watchdog in autumn. The formation of Ministry of Information Industry in 1998 marked the beginning of reforms in the telecommunications industry. It was formally in charge of the entire information industry. China’s leadership governs key sectors whose assets and wealth contribute to the national economy through the State-owned Asset Supervision and Administration Commission. SASAC was established in 2003 and has since taken a regulatory role in China.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Jinnah Briefly Essay Example for Free

Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Jinnah Briefly Essay Quaid-E-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948).He was a lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served as leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistans independence on 14 August 1947, and as Pakistans first Governor-General from independence until his death. He is revered in Pakistan as Quaid-i-Azam (Great Leader) and Baba-i-Qaum (Father of the Nation). His birthday is observed as a national holiday. By 1940, Jinnah had come to believe that Indian Muslims should have their own state. In that year, the Muslim League, led by Jinnah, passed the Lahore Resolution, demanding a separate nation. During the Second World War, the League gained strength while leaders of the Congress were imprisoned, and in the elections held shortly after the war, it won most of the seats reserved for Muslims. Ultimately, the Congress and the Muslim League could not reach a power-sharing formula for a united India, leading all parties to agree to separate independence for a predominately Hindu India, and for a Muslim-majority state, to be called Pakistan. As the first Governor-General of Pakistan, Jinnah worked to establish the new nations government and policies, and to aid the millions of Muslim migrants who had emigrated from the new nation of India to Pakistan after the partition. As a boy, Jinnah lived for a time in Bombay with an aunt and may have attended the Gokal Das Tej Primary School. He gained his matriculation from Bombay University at the high school. In his later years and especially after his death, a large number of stories about the boyhood of Pakistans founder were circulated: that he spent all his spare time at the police court, listening to the proceedings, and that he studied his books by the glow of street lights for lack of other illumination. Soon after his arrival in London, Jinnah gave up the apprenticeship in order to study law, enraging his father, who had, before his departure, given him enough money to live for three years. The aspiring barrister joined Lincolns Inn, later stating that the reason he chose Lincolns over the other Inns of Court was that over the main entrance to Lincolns Inn were the names of the worlds great lawgivers, including Muhammad. During his student years in England, Jinnah was influenced by 19th-century British liberalism, like many other future Indian independence leaders. Dissatisfied with the law, Jinnah briefly embarked on a stage career with a Shakespearean company, but resigned after receiving a stern letter from his father. In 1895, at age 19, he became the youngest Indian to be called to the bar in England. Legal and early political career: Barrister: Aged twenty, Jinnah began his practice in Bombay; the only Muslim barrister in the city. English had become his principal language and would remain so throughout his life. His first three years in the law, from 1897 to 1900, brought him few briefs. In 1900, P. H. Dastoor, a Bombay presidency magistrate, left the post temporarily and Jinnah succeeded in getting the interim position. After his six-month appointment period, Jinnah was offered a permanent position on a 1,500 rupee per month salary. Jinnah politely declined the offer, stating that he planned to earn 1,500 rupees a day—a huge sum at that time—which he eventually did. As a lawyer, Jinnah gained fame for his skilled handling of the 1907 Case†. One of Jinnahs fellow barristers from the Bombay High Court remembered that Jinnahs faith in him was incredible; he recalled that on being admonished by a judge with Mr. Jinnah, remember that you are not addressing a third-class magistrate Jinnah shot back My Lord, allow me to warn you that you are not addressing a third-class pleader. Another of his fellow barristers described him: He was what God made him, a great pleader. He had a sixth sense: he could see around corners. That is where his talents lay he was a very clear thinker But he drove his points home—points chosen with exquisite selection—slow delivery, word by word. Return to Politics: Jinnah (front, left) with the Working Committee of the Muslim League after a meeting in Luck now, October 1937. Beginning in 1933, Indian Muslims, especially from the United Provinces, began to urge Jinnah to return to India and take up again his leadership of the Muslim League, an organization which had fallen into inactivity. He remained titular president of the League, but declined to travel to India to preside over its 1933 session in April, writing that he could not possibly return there until the end of the year. Among those who met with Jinnah to seek his return was Liaquat Ali Khan, who would be a major political associate of Jinnah in the years to come and the first Prime Minister of Pakistan. At Jinnahs request, Liaquat discussed the return with a large number of Muslim politicians and confirmed his recommendation to Jinnah. In early 1934, Jinnah relocated to the subcontinent, though he shuttled between London and India on business for the next few years, selling his house in Hampstead and closing his legal practice in Britain. In the next two years, Jinnah worked to build support among Muslims for the League. He secured the right to speak for the Muslim-led Bengali and Punjabi provincial governments in the central government in New Delhi (the Centre). He worked to expand the league, reducing the cost of membership to two annas (â…› of a rupee), half of what it cost to join the Congress. He restructured the League along the lines of the Congress, putting most power in a Working Committee, which he appointed. By December 1939, Liaquat estimated that the League had three million two-Anna members.

Using the literary and linguistic concepts and approaches of I Syng Ess

Using the literary and linguistic concepts and approaches of I Syng of a Mayden, this essay will be focusing on how the anonymous poet conveys religious ideas throughout the poem. The poem was written by an anonymous poet in the 15th Centaury How does the poet convey religious ideas in the poem 'I Syng of a Mayden'? Using the literary and linguistic concepts and approaches of 'I Syng of a Mayden', this essay will be focusing on how the anonymous poet conveys religious ideas throughout the poem. The poem was written by an anonymous poet in the 15th Centaury. As it was by an anonymous poet the poem was probably passed round by mouth and song meaning that it could be a ballad or hymn. As well as that, I also feel that due to the fact that the three middle verses all have 'That fallyt on the...' and 'As due in Aprylle' repeated it suggests that it could very well be a ballad or hymn as most are structured like that. The title 'I Syng of a Mayden' is Middle English text and the word 'Mayden' especially, as it's very medieval language dating back to The Madonna and Child where all paintings were focused on Bible stories, and a lot of poems at the time were transcribed in Monasteries indicating religious themes. 'Mayden' also means Virgin, relating back to the religious side of the poem, which could suggested that 'I Syng of a Mayden' was about the religious symbol, the Virgin Mary. Throughout the poem it shows references to Mary and baby Jesus, such as 'Kyng of alle Kynges' which has been mentioned in the Bible referring to Christ being more powerful than any King, 'He cam al so stylle' meaning he appeared in her womb as if like magic or 'As dew in Aprylle' as the poem suggests. The key themes in this po... ...es a simile 'as dew' to emphasis the importance of water in everyone’s live, in this case he uses it to compare importance to Christ in saying that, like water, you can't live without it. The poet uses hushed lullaby tones throughout the poem such as 'ches' and 'gras' which both end with a 'shhing' sound such as a lullaby making it a very peaceful, quiet atmosphere. He uses Bilabial nasals such as 'moder and mayden' to give a kind of softer sound, we produce these nasal phonemes by lowering the velum to allow air to flow through the nasal cavity giving an 'ng' or in this case an 'mm' sound. He also uses fricatives such as 'fallyt on the flour' which is the use of alliteration of the sound 'ff'. It gives it a harder sound. Lastly it uses sibilance in 'so stylle' which shows more alliteration and emphasises the words to make them seem even softer/quieter.

Use of Devices in Londons To Build A Fire :: London To Build a Fire Essays

Use of Devices in London's To Build A Fire Jack London uses the devices of plot, setting, and characterization in this short story "To Build A Fire" to convey his message that humans need to be social. London sets an average, middle-aged logger in a deserted Yukon trail during a wintry season. The temperature is seventy-five degrees below zero and the logger and his husky are traveling towards Henderson Creek, about ten miles away, where the logger's companions are located. London places the man in this Yukon environment to symbolize that in this cold, cruel world, we need to learn how to benefit from each other. Prior to embarking on his journey, the logger is given advice from an old-timer at Sulfur Creek that "no man must travel alone in the Klondike after fifty below". The logger thinks this is "rather womanish" and believes he can survive by himself. Along his journey, the man encounters death as he falls into a spring, where "At a place where there were no signs, where the soft, unbroken snow seemed to advertise solidity beneath, the man broke through. It was not deep. He wet himself halfway up the knees before he floundered out to the firm crust". Then the man builds a fire beneath a tree and snow falls over it putting it out. London creates these natural events in the plot to prove they are not the cause of the man's death. Using characterization, London is able to display on account of who is alive at the end how one benefits from being social. The old-timer at Sulfur Creek is alive because he is experienced and wise enough to benefit from others' experiences that it is not wise to travel alone in the Yukon. The boys at camp are also alive because they are together and can benefit from each other. The logger's husky is alive because it is well-suited for the Yukon environment, while the logger is not. Unlike the other characters, London has the man die at the end of the story to display that he dies because of his arrogance in his ability to travel alone. Use of Devices in London's To Build A Fire :: London To Build a Fire Essays Use of Devices in London's To Build A Fire Jack London uses the devices of plot, setting, and characterization in this short story "To Build A Fire" to convey his message that humans need to be social. London sets an average, middle-aged logger in a deserted Yukon trail during a wintry season. The temperature is seventy-five degrees below zero and the logger and his husky are traveling towards Henderson Creek, about ten miles away, where the logger's companions are located. London places the man in this Yukon environment to symbolize that in this cold, cruel world, we need to learn how to benefit from each other. Prior to embarking on his journey, the logger is given advice from an old-timer at Sulfur Creek that "no man must travel alone in the Klondike after fifty below". The logger thinks this is "rather womanish" and believes he can survive by himself. Along his journey, the man encounters death as he falls into a spring, where "At a place where there were no signs, where the soft, unbroken snow seemed to advertise solidity beneath, the man broke through. It was not deep. He wet himself halfway up the knees before he floundered out to the firm crust". Then the man builds a fire beneath a tree and snow falls over it putting it out. London creates these natural events in the plot to prove they are not the cause of the man's death. Using characterization, London is able to display on account of who is alive at the end how one benefits from being social. The old-timer at Sulfur Creek is alive because he is experienced and wise enough to benefit from others' experiences that it is not wise to travel alone in the Yukon. The boys at camp are also alive because they are together and can benefit from each other. The logger's husky is alive because it is well-suited for the Yukon environment, while the logger is not. Unlike the other characters, London has the man die at the end of the story to display that he dies because of his arrogance in his ability to travel alone.

A Man of Much More †Giuseppe Garibaldi Essay

Through his adventures as a general and a freedom fighter, Giuseppe Garibaldi emerged as the first international celebrity and hero. As one of the few esteemed Italian heroes today, Garibaldi is â€Å"the only one who is loved as well as admired†. [1] Born in 1807 in Nice, France, Giuseppe Garibaldi was drawn into radical politics and seafaring as a young man. He soon was granted his captainship and participated in various political insurrections and uprisings. Upon his exile from Piedmont, Garibaldi was able to display his courage, persistence, and audacity, by sailing and battling as a freedom fighter in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Between 1848 and 1867, he fought numerous campaigns throughout Italy with inferior odds to the opposing French, Neapolitan, and Austrian forces for the coalition of his homeland. With his leadership and perseverance to liberate all men, Garibaldi was able to unify Italy in a final campaign in France against the Prussians, bringing Rome back under control of the Italian government. Garibaldi, through creating his image as a hero and celebrity, acquired a mythical status that is questioned by historians today. Historians try to extrapolate every aspect of Giuseppe Garibaldi’s honored character and life. They seek to find what factors provided his worldwide reverence and notoriety. Scholars such as Alfonso Scirocco and Lucy Riall employ the idea that truth and reality must be extracted from the myths embedded in the heroic image of Garibaldi. [2] In reality, noted by Paul Vallely, the materialization of media and propaganda by himself and the radical leader, Giuseppe Mazzini, served as the key factor in Garibaldi’s progression to public idolization both during and post-life. [3] Self-sacrifice and self-achievement are qualities of heroes, while propaganda and media are devices that institute fame and idolization. With the self-conscious manipulation of the press and media with help of his mentor, Giuseppe Mazzini, and determination to sacrifice to achieve goals for both himself and his country, Giuseppe Garibaldi was able to create an image as a hero, celebrity, and the â€Å"heart-throb of modern Europe†. [4] What many historians falsely accuse today, is the notion that Garibaldi was a renowned hero, whose fame was unwillingly brought upon himself due to his notable excursions as a political and military leader. This fictitious statement declares no external sources factored into the construction of Giuseppe Garibaldi’s fame, notoriety, and mythic image. In opposition to this superficial declaration, historians such as Lucy Riall and Paul Vallely pronounce that Garibaldi’s recognition and prominence as a hero was acquired through a series of self-fashioning decisions that promoted himself as a political idol to the people of Italy, and even Europe in the broader spectrum of political interest. [5] Garibaldi’s fame was acquired through a combination of factors resulting from the intentional, political strategy planned by nationalist, radical and political leader, Giuseppe Mazzini. Mazzini sought to foster radical republican views through the use of one, living, breathing, iconic hero. The emergence of new technologies, principally the electric telegraph and the cheaper printing machines, sparked what was called the information revolution, which was â€Å"expressed in the proliferation of newspapers and a popular press†. [6] This revolution was accompanied by the growth of literate masses as well as a generation of a new political culture with the public partaking in more â€Å"traditional forms of mass political expression†. 7] Using the new printed media and propaganda, Mazzini and his publicists (Mazzinian journalists) set out to endorse Garibaldi as a romantic, radical hero. In one of many attempts to promote and uphold Garibaldi’s developing image as a hero, Mazzini published two articles describing Garibaldi and his Italian Legion in Uruguay to London paper, the Apostulato Populare. The paper proclaimed, â€Å"[W]e name him [Garibaldi] with pride to our brothers†¦ because we are sure that he considers his career in South America to be merely the apprenticeship for the Italian war which one day will call him back to Europe†. 8] Glorifying his expeditions and rebellions in Uruguay, Mazzini set out to show to the public of Italy and Europe that Garibaldi was a leader and a liberator, who fought for the freedom of all men. As a continuation of his relentless promotion of Garibaldi, in January 1846, Mazzini wrote a letter to the London Times admiring the patriotism and courage of the Italian Legion. In the summer of the same year, a French translation was published as a propaganda pamphlet, which would circulate hrough continental Europe encouraging the â€Å"good people who have strong feelings of charity towards their fatherland†. [9] With encouragement of Mazzini, Filippo de Boni, a Swiss radical, published a long article in his monthly newspaper, Cosi la penso, exaggerating the lack of public support and interest regarding the sacrifices made by Garibaldi and the Italian Legion in Montevideo, but â€Å"exalting Garibaldi as ‘a man resolute in his generosity, a man of courage and intelligence, capable of great deeds, and for this freely elected by the legionaries as their colonel’ †. 10] In another effort to advocate the emerging radical politician, Giuseppe Mazzini commiss ioned the first portrait of Garibaldi that was published in Il Mondo Illustrato, in 1848 before his arrival in Italy in June 1848. This lithograph, that was taken and circulated to raise money for nationalistic causes, â€Å"depicts Garibaldi as a romantic, exotic figure, half turned towards the viewer†. [11] This spread his romantic image as a fighter – full beard and long, flowing hair, hands rested on a sabre, aesthetic eyes – and a leader. 12] This lithograph, in effect, led to the mass production of engraved portraits of Garibaldi to circulate through revolutionary (Northern) Italy. Upon his return in spring of 1848, Garibaldi was already a distinguished character, celebrated for his victories perpetuating Italian honor and â€Å"political freedom in foreign lands†. [13] Thanks to Mazzini’s efforts with the media and press, Garibaldi had become identified with courage, liberality, and ethical righteousness – â€Å"virtues exalted as inherent elements of italianita†. 14] Garibaldi had to both look and act the part of a hero, celebrity, and the symbol of Italy as one nation. He acted as a â€Å"media-savvy politician† and often basked in the attention given to him by journalists and reporters. [15] His image, notably his appearance, appealed to the reading public in his portraits and changed according to his mental and emotional states in life. Shortly before the departure of his voyage to South America, a British naval officer accurately portrayed his appearance: †¦ firm well-built frame which sat his horse like a centaur. He wore his hair and beard long; they were then of a dark brown colour, with a reddish tint in the latter. His countenance was remarkable for its serenity, and the lips pressed close together denoted a strong will, whilst his eyes were steadfast and piercing in their gaze. In stature he was of medium height, and was altogether the beau ideal of a chief of irregular troops. [16] This depiction of Garibaldi â€Å"in the full vigour of his manhood†, displays his representation as a leader, both strong and self-assured. Others, upon Garibaldi’s return to Italy during the revolutions of 1848-49 depicted him as a â€Å"represent[ation] of radicalism and rebellion, and his roughly physical, distinctly sexual, appeal could scarcely have differed more from prevailing aristocratic conventions of political portraiture†. [18] In a daguerreotype (type of photograph) taken by Marcus Root in 1851, Garibaldi is portrayed in a strikingly different manner than his previous romantic, freedom-fighting image. No trace of his red blouse, flowing hair, and zealous expression is present. He strikes a solemn, mannerly pose, with the nature of a rising sun in the background. His good looks are apparent, but he is groomed, wearing a â€Å"dark double-breasted coat and neatly tied cavat, with tidy and well trimmed hair and beard†. [19] The tranquil yet downhearted stare in his eyes shows viewers his emotional state of reverence and the change of persona that had occurred. Garibaldi’s exile to America marks the point of leaving his image as a bandit and freedom fighter. This new radically changed guise while in New York, remarks a heavy notion of respectability, in opposition to the â€Å"the youthful romantic, the exotic and picturesque rebel who had fought on the hills above Rome in 1849†. [20] This deep feeling of somberness was due to the death of his Uruguayan wife; his companion through his wild escapades as a freedom fighter. In a portrait of Garibaldi, artist, Gustave Dore, set out to show the compromise between â€Å"Garibaldi’s romantic past and more conventional present†. 21] Placed in a rocky scenery, Garibaldi is shown in the portrait with a cloak over top his generals uniform; this idea stresses his new gentlemanly features acquired in New York due to his mannerly Piedmontese uniform, but also emphasizes Garibaldi’s romantic past – the rocky peak in the background, with Garibaldi at the top bearing his cloak and long hair. Garibaldi did not simply appear drastically different to appeal to the radical public of Europe. He appealed to â€Å"Italy’s famous past, to religion, martyrdom and betrayal, to military violence and hatred of the foreigner, and to family, sex and romantic love†. [22] Along with his astounding military accomplishments, Garibaldi was able to gain the love and support of the people through his constant modification of his own image. Self-consciously, Garibaldi constructed himself into a â€Å"global brand† and â€Å"the heart throb of metropolitan Europe†. [23] Continuing his role as a self-fashioning, nationalist hero, Garibaldi intended to attain worldwide reverence subsequent to his glorious life. Upon his death in 1882, The Times (London), according to Riall, expressed the shock at the loss of a man who had â€Å"fascinated two hemispheres for thirty years†. [24] This fascination with Garibaldi, the idea of popularity and intense idolization, was acknowledged more after his death than during his lifetime. His use of media to create a strong self image, his personal skills and physical attraction, and his spectacular military victories all contributed to the realization, which occurred after his death, that he was the true hero and sword in the Risorgimento and unification of Italy. Garibaldi’s memoirs and autobiographical novel, I Mille, were prolongations to his endeavors of promoting his own image. In conclusion to his long life of upheaval and radical political affairs, Giuseppe Garibaldi intended to allege himself as the symbol of the Risorgimento movement and the resurrection of Italy, to which he dedicated his very own existence. The funeral processions and ceremonies of Garibaldi occurred in many major cities of Italy; all elaborate celebrations of his greatness and contribution to Italy’s unification. In Rome, perhaps the most ornate commemorations occurred. A color lithograph was printed depicting the transport of Garibaldi’s bust to the Campidoglio in Rome. In the print, a marvelous parade follows the bust of Garibaldi’s head, which is being crowned with a laurel wreath by a statue of liberty placed beside the giant head. The enormous statues are drawn in a carriage by eight white horses and carved into the side of the carriage were portrayals of Garibaldi’s triumphant arrivals into Naples, Palermo, and Rome. [25] Riall seeks to xpose Garibaldi’s post-life reverence and attempt to signify himself as the ‘Sword’ of Italy’s unification. In conclusion, Garibaldi was indeed a self-fashioning hero and political actor who strove at self-promotion due to the awareness that a new age of â€Å"ubiquitous† fame and ceasing belief in â€Å"Great Men† was present. [26] Undoubtedly, Garibaldi’s political innovation and military successes played value roles in obtaining iconic public appeal for 40 years while shifting from a revolutionary standpoint of nationalism to an official principle of an established regime, the Risorgimento. 27] Predominantly, his interaction with the press and media and his â€Å"natural possession† and â€Å"dramatic timing†, applied his fame and fortune: †¦ he knew how to strike a pose, he knew how to use his voice, his body and his smile, he knew when to be brave and when to be humble, and he knew when to abandon the stage and distance himself from the public furore created by his presence.

Davis’ argument against slavery causing the civil war Essay

As president of the Confederate States of America, I maintain that slavery was not why the South seceded from the Union. We Southerners seceded because the federal government was becoming increasingly pro-Northern in its views and imposing on our sovereign rights. Slavery was legal, yet the government threatened this institution and paid increasingly less heed to our rights. Just as the United States broke free from a British crown that overstepped its authority, the Confederacy formed to protect itself against an intrusive government under Northern sway. In addition, I am aware that many of our soldiers were not slaveholders; indeed, Southerners did not take up arms in order to defend slavery. Men who loved their homes, valued their freedom, and feared a Northern invasion and imposition on their rights formed the Confederate Army. No Southern soldier took up arms to help a slaveholder; many shouldered arms to fend off invasion by a people whose views opposed ours and who tried to coerce us into compliance with their ideals (Wikipedia). We also seceded because we wished to maintain our prosperity, which is a sacred right of Americans. Our economic and social system is the source of our vast wealth, and the Constitution grants us the right to defend it. The federal government favored Northern industry and legislated against us, which would have reduced us to poverty and placed the South in deep economic crisis. Our soil was becoming depleted and our plantations too numerous to be confined to its existing territory, and the federal government insisted on restricting where we could maintain our system, instead of allowing the people to decide (McPherson 78-116). We were not rebels against the federal government, since there was no concrete law binding us to the Northern states. The United States began as merely an association of sovereign states and the Southern states were not obligated to remain. REFERENCES Anonymous. â€Å"American Civil War. † Wikipedia. 8 November 2005. . Causes of the Civil War. † The American Civil War. 8 November 2005. . McPherson, James. Battle Cry of Freedom. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Jasper Jones †to what extent is the novel quintessentially Australian Essay

To what extent is the novel quintessentially Australian? Jasper Jones is an Australian novel by Craig Silvey that explores issues prominent in the author’s 1960s context. Set in the fictional mining town of Corrigan, the novel is a bildungsroman following Charlie Bucktin as he is awakened to the harsh reality of human nature. The novel addresses the main themes of morality, justice and trust, but these universal human issues are coloured by an Australian setting, reflective of Silvey’s contemporary context. The issues of morality and ethics have always been fundamental to the human struggle, but Silvey explores these themes through uniquely Australian concerns, namely the plight of the outcasts, in the treatment of indigenous Australians and immigrants. The setting of the novel, a small town where people are ignorant and bigoted, is representative of the same issues in the wider Australian context. It is made clear to Jasper that â€Å"This town, they think I’m a bloody animal.† due to his half-Aboriginal heritage. The animal metaphor and emotive language highlights Corrigan’s non-tolerance towards racial differences, while the first person perspective depicts the damaging effect this has upon an outcast individual. This is reinforced by the treatment of other characters such as the An family – â€Å"Go back to Hanoi, rats.† The repetition of derogatory animal metaphor and the aggressive tone reveals the prevalent racism. Charlie himself is also bullied for using words that are â€Å"too clever†. Silvey’s portrayal of Corrigan is representative of the morality of his own society. In this racist and anti-intellectual Australian context, outcasts are isolated and beaten down. The theme of justice is closely linked to that of morality; in a town with corrupted values, can justice ever be impartial? Charlie’s moral conflict over whether or not to report Laura Wishart’s body explores the idea of moral relativity. He is aware that â€Å"All that matters is the fact of this girl’s death and the town’s imagination†. The collective town is characterised as an anthropomorphic entity with skewed values; forcing innocent boys to act as if guilty. â€Å"I feel I am caught in a rip, being dragged out further and deeper against my will.† The use of the simile  conveys the boys’ helplessness to enact justice in the face of the â€Å"town’s imagination†. The body itself is a symbol of the novel’s underlying moral dilemmas. In disposing of Laura’s body, Charlie explicitly says that â€Å"I’m committing a crime.† He knows that helping Jasper is the right thing to do, but the use of the word crime, and all it connotes, illustrates how morality can be contrary to traditional justice. The issues of morality and justice explored are unquestionably universal in nature, but the novel’s particular setting and situation renders it a striking commentary on quintessentially Australian concerns. The value of trust and loyalty is also one that is common to all human experience, and it is this that defines Charlie and Jasper’s relationship; which is forged at the beginning of the novel by the crisis of finding Laura’s body. â€Å"Trust me. You got to trust me. Like I trust you.† Jasper’s pleading tone and the repetition of the highly emotive word â€Å"trust†, begging Charlie to help him escape the injustice of being wrongfully persecuted, cements trust as a key value in the novel. With this trust, Charlie is able to look beyond Jasper’s race and form a bond with him, despite the town’s negative stereotyping. He states that â€Å"I am the ally of Jasper Jones†, and helps him despite his conflicted morals. The word â€Å"ally† suggests that despite not knowing Jasper very well, they share a mutual trust and dependence. The relationship between the boys is reminiscent of the loyalty and comradeship between soldiers, bonded by trial. Against the backdrop of the Vietnam War, these values were highly important to the Australian cultural identity in Silvey’s context. Through Charlie’s coming of age, Silvey’s Jasper Jones presents a compelling insight into the duality of morality and the human values of loyalty and justice. Though these are undeniably universal in nature, Silvey explores these issues through the lens of his own Australian context, to give a novel which is quintessentially Australian and yet fundamentally human.

Dance movie review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dance movie review - Essay Example The movie follows the first embarrassed steps of the dancers to how they gain confidence to perform an excellent dance that attracts a standing ovation. The video is raw as the audience can tell the dancers are inexperienced. There is no voice-over at the beginning of the film indicating that the neither the dancers nor the audience understood the events going on or what they were meant to be doing. This gives authenticity to the fact that they were very new to the dancing and that they did not know where to start. The movie brings out the personalities of the dancers as they go through the journey and also their stamina and courage. The film focuses mostly on the teenagers and their journey for growth and into adulthood. The movie is profound and very real as opposed to the mechanized dances that are so popular with other dance videos. Wim directed the film after the death of Pina, and it consisted some of the best works by Pina. The dances that are performed in Pina take place everywhere. There are dances in the forests, on the road sidewalks and even in the tram cars. The movie also has some interviews with some of the dancers where their responses are not by word but are rather contemplative as they give their answers. Instead of using words from their minds, they use the dances on their bodies signifying the influence that their mentor had on them. Not only did Pina teach and inspire the dancers to become who they are but she also inspired in them a similar character signifying that she was such a charismatic mentor and her dances lived beyond her. The movie is very exhilarating but there is no single work of dance that is complete in the movie hence leaving the audience a bit frustrated. The power that Pina had is communicated in the movie and the audience experiences a dance and a movie at the same time and thus remains very

Interview a nurse researcher Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Interview a nurse researcher - Assignment Example Nurse X also stated as a clinical researcher, they always assure that confidentiality is upheld at all times and that they often participated in clinical trials. In a clinical trial or project, the clinical research nurse’s roles are to act as patient advocates and to ensure that the complex needs of patients participating in the research study are met. In addition, Nurse X also stated that their actions are geared towards efficient care following the federal and research regulations. Nurse X both use library and computer resources in every research endeavor. Computers are frequently used because of ease of access and various data bases. Measurements utilized are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio levels of measurement while the statistics used range from frequency distribution, percentage distribution, analysis of variance, chi-square and others. Nurse X humbly told the author that as a novice, she had to undergo a lot of trainings and professional developments in order to become an expert in the field of clinical research. Aside from the minimal qualifications of registered nurse preparations, basic life support certification, and recent acute care experiences, Nurse X underwent trainings related to the enhancement of core competencies in terms of research process, evidence-based nursing, Institutional Regulatory Board policies, interpersonal and communication skills, as well as computer skills and electronic health record. Nurse X stated that students could learn how to be a competent researcher by using keying strategies in literature searching and by conducting a search of the basic steps in research prior to the study because Nurse X believe the a strong foundation in research would guide the student in effective and competent research. In the last part of the interview, the author asked the nurse of what were the difficulties she encountered during clinical research and how did the nurse manage the difficulties using

Digital Revolution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Digital Revolution - Assignment Example The issue of digital revolution has become resistant as the effort to solve it may give rise to other problems which may be harmful for the society at large (Fitzpatrick, 2003, p.3). The digital revolution was brought about with the hope bringing about the concept of globalization, which to an extent has been fruitful thereby creating great economic impact in the society. But, the digital revolution has resulted in the internet predators, information overload, media saturation and forms of social isolation. Moreover with the digital revolution most of the works are being carried out through personal computing and other related digital activities. This in the long–run has led to the invasion of the privacy of the customers through software the keystroke recording and the application that leads to information filtering. Moreover, the personal use of the computer has resulted in the reduction of the productivity level of the employees. Reliability of data has become an issue sinc e the digital revolution has come into being as the information is being easily replicated without being verified. Though the digital revolution has made the outsourcing services possible over the globe yet, the problems faced by the same are irrevocable (Coyne, 2004, pp.1-13).

Health Care Cost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health Care Cost - Essay Example Employers can offer discount medicine programs, which trim down prescription costs. They can also offer education with reference to the emergency room so that workers can have the knowledge of the existence of urgent-care institutions within pharmacies and stores, along with physician hotlines available 24/7 that they can utilize resourcefully than visiting the ER each time their families or them experience minor symptoms (Wyman, 2012). Employers can have a proper incentive design that directs workers to choices that have the lowest-cost first to reward excellent purchasing conduct that is vital to price containment. Employers can shop for insurance because they get the chance to shift carriers one third of the moment in time. Employers can offer to pay for workers’ wellness such as online healthiness risk evaluations and blood reports since they save on some cash and teach them on their healthiness, make them conscious of apprehensions and inspire them to live better lives. Employers can utilize brokers who are experts in healthcare and has the aptitude to look for methods to support the company and workers while offering pioneering initiatives and applications for newfangled technology (Wyman,

Research Journal Based on Personal Experience and Observation Assignment

Research Journal Based on Personal Experience and Observation - Assignment Example The message drew her attention from the television, and she began to reply. 5:23pm After replying, she took her laptop and opened the tab where she has logged into facebook, and found more than five people have already initiated chats. She commenced replying to their chats, and before she was done with it, her attention was drawn by the television. Therefore, the television distracted her from continuing with the chats on Facebook; in fact, she did not respond to some of the comments from her friends. In the meantime, she was also waiting for her friend to respond to the message that she had sent earlier, via the text messaging. 5:35pm Her friend replied through the phone messaging services, and this drew her attention again. The message seemed to be more interesting than the television: due to a reflection from her smile as she read through. Before replying to the message received, friends on the facebook drew her attention, and she decided to reply to three of her friends. It is ev ident that both messaging and Facebook seemed to be more interesting to her, than watching American Idol on the television, since every time the messages were received, she was drawn from watching the television. 6:01PM 6:10 PM 6:15 PM 6:18 PM She was not paying attention to the television anymore, since she was concentrating on her laptop, while typing on Facebook chats. Therefore, she was not able to pay attentions to the television and Facebook at the same time, though the phone was also demanding attention from her at various instances like reading messages and replying. At this moment, she remembered about her drink, she took it, though her mind, and eyes were focusing on the laptop. Another message was sent to her through the SMS, and this drew her attention to the phone in order to check the message. She replied to the message, thereby taking about three minutes. Finally, her attention was drawn to the television, whereby she stopped typing on the laptop, and commenced watchi ng an iphone 5 commercial on the television. The features of the phone were exiting to her in a way that drew her attention, thus making her to leave all other activities and concentrate on the television advert.   MY REFLECTION During my observation, I was able to identify the way people have been sending and receiving messages in the past using the phone, while comparing to the new social media, Facebook. It is evident that, the new social media is allowing accessibility of numerous people through different avenues of communication at the same time. My subject seems to be distracted while watching the television, since she had to check on the messages received from her friend, while still chatting with her friends on Facebook. However, the new social media offer an opportunity to enjoy watching the same program on the cable television, while chatting with friends, hence reducing the interruption. Subject 2: Myself Date: Monday 10 September 2012 Situation: Texting message using m y phone, while chatting on Twitter   Ã‚   Old  Media: Phone messaging services New (social) Media:

Organization Structure Presentation Essay Example for Free

Organization Structure Presentation Essay Marketing. Terry Davenport is a senior vice-president of Starbucks who leads the marketing department. He oversees the sales organization structure, the marketing structure and cross-functional project teams with their own structure, effectively affecting the organizational structure of the organization as a whole. Finance. Peter  J.  Bocian as the chief financial officer of the company under analysis. The financial function of the firm has access to key decision makers, and the structure of the company was created to force this. For instance, in the case of Starbucks, centralization became possible with new accounting technology. Human Resources. The management of Starbucks’ human resources affect organizational structure in a way that these resources are overseen as one large structure that encompasses the entire firm with several smaller structures supporting the functions of recruiting, benefits and training. Operations. As chief operating officer, Martin Coles of Starbucks adapts to the continuously evolving internal operations of the business, which impacts the organizational framework by having more structure. The operations function also helps to create and support a system of management hierarchy, authority, power and control. Partner Resources. As executive vice-president and Partner Resources head, Chet   Kuchinad is able to affect organizational structure through the inclusion of organizational links connecting partners to the parent corporation that would then account for the accumulation of profits for reinvestment. Technology. Chris  Bruzzo, chief technology officer, influence organizational structure through linking mechanisms that facilitate lateral relations among the organization’s many units such as the ones mentioned above. Research has shown that an IT-based change leads to a single impact or shift in organizational structure — an intervention occurs and a new stable structure results (Earl, 1996).

Legal And Ethical Practice For Learning Disability

Legal And Ethical Practice For Learning Disability The drive towards the provision of person-centred services for people with learning disabilities, has acquired a vast amount of policy makers attention in the United Kingdom (Cambridge, 2008). Valuing People (UK Department of Health, 2001) has been the most fundamental government paper that has prompted a change in the way current health and social care services operate. Collaboration can be seen as an important facilitator in delivering quality healthcare and achieving an holistic care service (Xyrichis et al., 2008). However, previous research focusing on teamwork in healthcare has been criticised for lacking a basic understanding of what this concept represents. This assignment aims to address the importance of inter-professional and multi- professional collaboration within the health and social care domain, when working with adults with learning disabilities. The concept of working together originated under the umbrella term mutli-agency team working; this term dominated the discourse of policy and practice in the first years of the 21st Century. Mutli-agency teams were drawn together from distinct agencies for a set period of time and for a particular task whilst other groups of professionals came together as interagency teams simply for a particular project or case (Anning 2006). An example is a group of health practitioners, social workers and carers, reviewing and monitoring service provision and access to person-centred services for adults with learning disabilities. The government have advocated for Learning Disability Partnership Boards to be set up so as to make it a priority that service users dont fall between the gaps and that they receive sufficient support and access to person-centred services. Clark (1993) states that inter-professional and inter-disciplinary practice can be used interchangeably. Inter-Professional working occurs when two or more professionals collaborate together in order to provide patient-centred care and a better quality of care; for instance the interaction between a general practitioner and a nurse. Multi-professional working occurs when professionals from health related occupations and varying backgrounds come together for a particular case. For example a diabetes team, whose primary function could be to assess, monitor and inform all people with diabetes within a particular catchment population. The team would mostly comprise of a consultant endocrinologist, two diabetes specialist nurses, a dietician and podiatrist. The UK Department of Education (2003) conducted research which shows that a person with a disability is likely to be in contact with more than ten different professionals in their lifetime. Throughout this time, issues can arise which may lead to a lack of continuity and co-ordination of care services. This is the main reason why the government advocates for an integrated approach for health and social care provision. This is not limited to healthcare but also outside of the domain, as different organisations have their own role to play. For instance, disparate services such as education, training, housing and employment need to work together and have a certain level of access to information about a client, whist maintaining patient confidentiality. For example the transition from secondary care to tertiary care such as from hospital to a residential home would require varying levels of expertise. An occupational therapist to examine the environment that the patient will be moving to, a medical practitioner to identify the need for the patient to be moved, a nurse to ensure continuity of care and a social worker to ascertain the level of support required on a day to day basis. The National Health Service (NHS) is the largest organisation in Europe, and is recognised by the World Health Organisation as one of the best healthcare services in the world (Department of Health, 2000). The Healthcare Act (1999) requires NHS organisations to work together in partnership (Glendinning et al, 2001) yet evidence such as the Lord Lamming report suggests that barriers to inter-professional and multi-professional practice still exist. Lord Lammings findings of the Victoria Climbià © inquiry highlighted that poor co-ordination and a lack of communication between agencies, was central to her untimely death. Since the publication of Every Child Matters (Department for Education and Skills 2003) local authorities are now developing innovative solutions for information sharing known as an Information Hub. Clear and effective communication between all parities is required for this to be successful, with specific reference to learning disability, care providers work and plan in different ways such as PATH (Planning Alternative Tomorrows With Hope) therefore it is even more important to clearly document and share information freely in order to foster the implementation of care plans and create value in the best interest of service users, service providers and other professionals. Traditionally, the NHS relied on paper records such as patient files, letters and referral forms. This was subject to unauthorised access, loss, a breach in patient confidentiality and a lack of accurate and up-to-date information. However due to the National Programme for Information Technology (UK Department of Health, 2005) and advances in technology, information sharing is more accessible due to the use of electronic databases which has security mechanisms to prevent malpractice and unauthorised access as well as upholding clinical governance. As outlined in the Nursing and Midwifery Code of Conduct (2008) quality record-keeping and evidence based policies are necessary for effective communication. However, this can in turn result in inactive collaboration (Daly 2004) with each professional group having a singular input into patient care. Purtilo and Haddad (1996) state that verbal communication is important in sustaining the relationship between patients and healthcare professio nals. Regular meetings of a multi-professional team with a common care pathway can aid the teams collaboration. Professional identity and patient power, is another factor which must be considered. Leathard (1994) points out that the rivalry between professional groups can inhibit collaborative working. Power struggles within society for example between, experienced colleagues and inexperienced colleagues are barriers towards successful inter-professional working. However, new approaches in care provision such as skill-mixing and a drive towards person-centred services utilises the authority of the patient to govern the priorities of an inter-professional team as well as valuing each member of a team and their contribution. A difference in philosophies of care is also a key factor, as different professional groups have different moral and ethical philosophies in care provision. Such as, the paternalistic approach of a medical practitioner versus the approach of a public health advocate (Daly 2004).Recent research suggests that inter-professional working can lead to verbal abuse; professional au tonomy is challenged when professionals work together in groups. A study conducted by (Joubert, Du Rand, VanWyk.., 2005) reported that nurses experienced high levels of verbal abuse by physicians. A tense environment can lead to poor working conditions and a higher risk of errors (Celik et al 2007). Professionals have different pay brackets, which is defined according to their professional group and then their role within the group. Issues that may arise include resource allocation and funding for staff. At present the UK is involved in global crisis and the economy is central to restoration as jobs are at risk and services are being cut which is a hindrance to mutli-professional working. There staff shortages within the NHS, which can damage interaction between groups and see a decline in collaboration. However, Leathard (1994) states that that advantage of inter-professional lies in the more efficient use of staff. Integrated care lies at the heart of health and social care provision and is at the future management of people with learning disabilities. The Care Programme Approach (CPA) was introduced in 1991 as a framework for people who require support from a range of different care service providers. The aim of the approach was to promote personalisation by consolidating services into a single service known as a care co-ordination model (Goodwin, 2010). The concepts of inter-professional and mutli-professional teamwork can promote effective and efficient patient care. A patient is able to receive expertise specific to the individuals problem, and a team can provide co-ordination which can prevent any aspect of the patients care being overlooked. Professionals are able to share knowledge and skills however it is important to understand how professions can work together amicably as ethical dilemmas can arise. Core values such as altruism, advocacy and integrity are important in health and socia l practice and all staff should adhere to professional codes of conduct. Total Word Count: 1,365 Including Headings and References